Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood Analysis Essay

Marg bet Atwoods Happy Endings first appe bed in the 1983 Canadian collection, Murder in the Dark, and it was published in 1994 for Ameri shag audiences in Good B iodines and Simple Murders. Subtitled Short Fiction and Prose Poems, Murder in the Dark featured four types of works autobiographical sketches, travel notes, data-based pieces addressing the nature of writing, and short pieces dealing with typical Atwood themes, notably the relationship among the sexes. Happy Endings, which is essentially a self-referential grade framework, falls into the third category. In Happy Endings, Atwood fulfills this role with a challenge that she throws out to those writers who rely on the stereotypical characterization of men and women and to the reader who accepts such g force outer typing. At the aforementioned(prenominal) time, she challenges other writers to more closely examine typical literary convention (1).Marg argont Atwood was born on November 18, 1939, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. H er childhood was divided amidst the city and the country. Her family spent the domesticate year in Ottawa and Toronto, where her initiate taught entomology or worked for government agencies, and summers in northern Quebec and Ontario where her father conducted research. These ahead of time experiences away from urban society encouraged Atwood to read and develop her imagination. As a child, Atwood composed and illustrated poems, which she collected into small books. She wrote prose and poetry for her high school drama class. In her short fable Happy Endings, Margaret Atwood simultaneously displays her feelings unspoiled well-nigh not save the art of creative writing, but also the as artistic act of living ones life to the fullest. The story, if it can really be called a story in the traditional sense of the word, immediately breaks the thin wall of author/audience by presenting a completely unique structure that of an outline or a jumble notebook. By asking the reader, If you want a in prescribeectual ending, try A, Atwood is apparently giving the reader a choice.Since A must be the happy ending, it implies that there are other, more sinister endings yet to be discovered. Appropriately, by and by the happy ending has completed, there follows five more endings, all of which count to be quite depressing, but nevertheless end in everything continues in A Margaret Atwood uses her short story Happy Endings to show that it is not the end of a story that is important it is the snapper. She seems to say that the endings are all clich that the fondness is the part that is unique. This holds real with literature versus a beach novel although a beach novel and piece of literature may end the same way it is the rest of the book that reserves one different from the other. As she says the true ending is John and bloody shame die the only guarantee in life is death. So since the ending is already known why does it maintain the tendency to steal the spotli ght from the rest of the story? Sure in some cases people can cerebrate the middle of a story from the ending, if they find someone died in an electric chair they can tangle with he committed a crime.However if someone dies from heart harm no one can know anything to the highest degree his life, they may guess the mortal ate in like manner much junk food, or drank too much but if they dont know anything else they cant guess the middle. However if someone knows the middle they can guess the ending, if they are told that person A had to have triple bypass surgery and that person B murdered a few people they can chip in an educated guess how each story ends. But even the middle of the story is only part of a greater whole, without the germ of the story no one can tell why certain events happened and what bequeath to person A to doing action z. Atwood also says that what happens is not of the essence(predicate) but how it happens and why it happens. According to Atwood, all th e whats are erect the plot, one thing that happens after another, however the how and the whys are what really process a story more than a story.This is the important part, the hows and the whys are what makes a story literature with out them it makes no difference if the prose is expertly laid out or not it is all tranquilize a story nothing more. The step from story to literature is a patriarchal line and is based on personal taste, as Justice Stewart say I know it when I see it although he was referring to obscenity it is just as applicable here. The use of story like this to portray the differences in opinion on what makes a story is pure genius on the part of Atwood, what is even more interesting is the fact that it is also considered literature.The main theme in almost literature that divides it from the rest of the stories is that literature tries to make a specific demo, and in doing so forces the reader to think about the point that the author is essay to make. In t his way it is easy to reconcile what is literature and what is not, if at the end of a story if the readers only thought is Gee, what a sharp story then it is most definitely not literature, but if instead if the thought is more along the lines of The author said A, B and C but were they really trying to make a point about D? it is literature. Although even this screen has its holes because literature for one person is just a nice story for someone else. As Flannery OConnor said, if you dont drag the enlightenment just sit back and enjoy the story.Why would Atwood do this? In each of her scenarios, she creates two main characters, John and bloody shame appropriately windy names for characters that are so underdeveloped and stereotyped as to be almost comedic. It would be possible to call them each protagonist, but they are the very definition of flat characters dull and undeveloped. In fact, the reader is sensible of their personality traits not because Atwood shows them throu gh a conflict or a plot rather, she simply tells them. Lines such as, She sleeps with him even though shes not in love with him, present the type of stock character that Mary or John will assume for said scenario without any secret involved. By creating such flat characters that differ between scenarios, but still coming back with everything continues as in A, Atwood brings up an interesting point its not the destination that matters its all the same for everyone its the journey.In fact, after presenting all of her mock scenarios for the characters, Atwood abruptly changes tone to tell the reader an important fact The only authentic ending is the one presented here John and Mary die. John and Mary die. John and Mary die. After all, at the end of every persons life, careless(predicate) of how he or she lived it or what he or she experienced, they will dally death. Atwood notices that people tend to not think quite like this, if only because it is not the most comforting of thought s, and she uses Happy Endings to allow people a chance to be a bit introspective. So much for endings.Beginnings are always more fun. True connoisseurs, however, are known to favor the dilute in between, since its the hardest to do anything with. Such is true for writing such is true for life. With her unconventional structure, caricatures for characters, and sometimes-sarcastic tone, Atwood manages to convey one of the most important concepts about life of all. Do not let life become a what and a what and a what. Learn to favor the stretch between beginning and end, and then, perhaps, you can make your own happy ending.

Laws of Life

People argon afraid of death nonwithstanding I think life its self is so a lot scarier because you do not know what life will bring you and sometimes it will not be easy. You see I am not really sure what I fate to do with my life and it sc atomic number 18s me. It scares me that I might mess up my whole life because I do not know what I want to do further I do know one thing I want to do in my life. The only thing I do know is that I want to be a great someone.Loyal, mannikin, and adventurous, thats what I want to be and know for when I am gone. Loyalty gives you something to stand for, something to contend for. Being hardcore is wedgeing with your words and promises. I try my shell to be loyal, when my friends tell me secrets I keep them, when something happens in the family that other tribe should not know I do not tell them. Also, be loyal shows that you care about something and you want to keep its trust.Not weighty someones secrets is not the only way to be loyal you can be loyal to your country by supporting it. The approximately important way to be loyal is to be loyal to immortal by showing that you are very grateful for what he has presumptuousness you. Treat everyone with politeness, even those who are rude to you not because they are nice, hardly because you are This motto showed me that just because people are mean to you does not mean you should be mean back. Being kind shows that you have kindness and courage.Generosity is by spending time, money, or labor, for others, without world rewarded in return, only you do get rewarded with the feeling of happiness that you did something for the ones in need. Courage is when your go out on the limb for someone else and their might be risks. For example, your friends are being mean and calling a kid names and you stick up for them even with the risk of losing your friends because you know youre doing the right thing.Which makes being kind is a great quality to have. There are so many doors to be opened, and Im not afraid to look behind them. This saying showed me that I want to be someone who embraces life who wants to be on a long journey but has no particular computer program or destination in mind. An adventurous woman, open to the concept of victuals life in the moment. I want to try new things and grammatical case my fears if there is an opportunity to climb a mountain, or to go slash diving, or some adventurous activity, I will always be happy to do it.I always want to be know for this because I want to be adventurous, spontaneous and crazy. Loyal, kind and adventurous are three qualitys that define me. If I am brought up in a conversation, I hope their saying that I am nice or trust worthy. Loyal is being trust worthy, kind is being generous, and adventurous is being open. These three qualities are different but they are all great to have and be known for. I will always try my best to be the greatest person that I can be in my lifetime.

Karl Marx and the Idea of Communism Essay

Karl Marxs seize that niftyism is key to human development but must be overcome and a placement put into place that would eventu wholey jump into communism is unrealistic. Although the idea of communism, a mixer organization designed to farm a mobless nine where everyone is truly equal and amicable problems much(prenominal)(prenominal) as racism, sexism and oppression do not exist, would be favourable to a capitalistic fellowship, it is unachievable as it doesnt comprehend an respective(prenominal)s personal desire, the grasp differentiatees ability to lead or the growth and motley that has occurred within capitalism since Marx.Capitalism is the social system currently within place in countries all over the world, where the mover for producing and distributing goods are proclaimed by a small collection of people, the capitalists, and the work crystalize class, is made up of the majority of the cosmos who sell their labour for a remuneration. Marxs primary claim is that an individual(a)s moral, philosophical and religious ideas are reflections free radicald on our hooey circumstance and that they are not autonomous driving forces in story as others occupy claimed. Marx concluded that instead of shaping society, ideas were in detail shaped by society (Mann & Dann, 2005).By this he meant that the economic system of a society determines what values and principles are upheld. Therefore, an outdate society would value attributes such as honour and loyalty to suffer people in line, whereas a capitalist society would value freedom and equality to keep the men as large and as mobile as possible to keep down profits. When a societys economic conditions experience a fundamental change and a peeled class assumes supremacy by and by a political revolution has occurred and installed that leading class in power.Marx predicted that a commie revolution eliminating private property and the subjugation of one class by another would occur at th e end of explanation society (Mann & Dann, 2005). Marx believed that through industrialisation, capitalism has increased the point of intersectionive capability of the worlds economy but had also executed dickens competing classes of people, the bourgeoisie, who controlled and owned the resources of business and utilize prosecute labourers and the proletariat, who were everyday labour who didnt own anything but their individual right to ell the labour. He felt that the nature of capitalism would guarantee that these two classes would eventually struggle against each other until the point where the working class would become size of itable and subjugated enough that it would takeover the bourgeoisie and its mathematical product resources and end the economic system known as capitalism. A left system would them be put into place and pure communism would more and more develop (Mann & Dann, 2005).In Marxs possibility communism is a power point of historical progression that occurs from the expansion of ample forces leading to a redundant of material wealth, which allows for allocation based on freely related persons. The self-recovery of capitalism could not be predicted by Marx, as it was the introduction of a offbeat conjure up and trade unions that played their part in improving the conditions and wage of the workers of the labour class.Commons (2009) suggested that against Marxs idea of the proletariat class fair the ruling class of society, labour, as a class were inept in managing business and that the worker input and self-management werent feasible. Countries where workingmen fetch united for reefer employment of goods and rendering all services to become their own employees and have elected their own foremen, superintendents and directors have failed as labour as a class are inept to appoint their own boss because they base their election on compassion rather than the individuals competence and discipline.Individual labourers who wind out of at that place own class is capitalism and labourers that rise as a class to become their own boss as a class is fabianism, which is unrealistic as the labour class is composed of strange races, sexes, religions, ages and theres an inequality between peoples abilities and intelligence. These conflicting inequalities are brought to shadowy in the competition for jobs and highschooler wages (Commons, J. R. , 2009).The great organisers of labour chthonian a capitalist system are elected through innate(p) selection within the industry, where the self-selection of leaders by the survival in the rivalrous struggle for profits mean that individuals are elected by their own success not by the votes of the individuals who work for them. These leaders are trustworthy to the capitalists and not to the wage earners they command as they are selected by those whose integral good will s the profits which the can bring to the company or industry (Commons, J. R. , 2009).Marxists all eged that profit making is pure selfishness, with the implication that if the wage earners were in control, public service and not ambition would be the need power behind manufacture. The difference between wage earning and profit making, if there is one, is hard to see as both are the process endeavouring to get as much as possible for oneself with as little as possible (Commons, 2009). What Marx failed to see is the inherent selfishness of mankind, as each individual is selfish to a degree, and how it would impact attempts to put into place a communist social system.In society labour, competition, capital and private property rights play an important role in creating an operational and successful economy. The division of labour allows for increases in the productive capabilities of labour and the specialisation of labour has moved society toward factory farm and manufacturing by encouraging the invention of greater technology. An individuals desire to live a comfortable life wi th their basic needs met creates and incentive for wage earning individuals to dangle more effort within the industry to attain these wants and desires.Marxs theory of communism can be centralized around the theory that with the abolition of private property, people would move into the final stage of social enounce, communism (Butgereit & Carden 2011). But with the abolition of private property and the private ownership of the means to production, the monetary prices generated by exchange that are used to appraise factors of production and determine the proportions in which those factors should be used to produce final product would not exist.When these monetary exchanges disappear so do the profits and losings the commercialise produce to guide businesspersons on whether final product is postulate within society or the resources used are being weakened (Butgereit & Carden 2011). One of the benefits Marxs saw for communism was that the sovereignty of the proletariat would reno vate up the already vanishing national differences and antagonism between people repayable to the development of the bourgeoisies the freedom of commerce, the world market, the uniformity in the mode of production and in the conditions of life consequent to those changes.Through this political supremacy, the proletariats would seize the capital from the bourgeoisie to concentrate all tools of production in the hands of the state and therefore increase the total productive forces as rapidly as possible. He believed that respectively that as the exploitation of on individual by another would end, so would the exploitation and hostility of one nation by another and the animosity between classes within the nation would disappear (Mann & Dann, 2005).Although capitalism has seen the expansion of the global market, introduced the concept of civilisation and given it a common character to production and consumption in every country, Marx saw it as the Bourgeoisie exploiting this world mar ket and creating a universal inter-dependence of nations as all nations are compelled to adopt the bourgeoisie style of production or encounter extinction (Mann & Dann, 2005).Through globalisation capitalism grew in strength and the outlet of new compromising ideologies such as social body politic, which is a system of government by the whole population or all the pensionable members of a state (New Oxford American Dictionary, 2005), are making it stronger still.While social democracy was established from Marxism, it has been effective in generating cooperation and agreement between labour and capital in developed countries, and has helped bring about the creation of new laws concerning to token(prenominal) wage, social security and the right to strike and demonstration, which reduced the take of inequalities on the working class.But in underdeveloped countries, where the free market system and democracy are not established enough, the working class face serious problems, wher e individuals are forced to work for below minimum wage and have no job security due the high level of unemployment. In these countries it can be seen that capitalism still causes monomania within the labour class and Marxs idea where a communist society is designed to promote a classless society in which everyone is truly equal would be beneficial.Although this idea of a communist society is ideal, societies throughout history, such as the Soviet Union, which failed and collapsed on itself and the Chinese, which gradually wear away and had to abandon true communism for functional capitalism in order for the society to survive, have proven through experience and profound stroke that communist beliefs do not describe a plausible creation (Post-Communist Economic Systems, 2005).Although a communist society would be ideal to create equality among society, it is unattainable as Marx didnt comprehend an individuals personal desire, the labour classes ability to lead or the growth and change that would occur within a capitalist society to decrease the size of the economical inequality between the two classes. Through the introduction of democracy and globalisation, the capitalist social system was able to recover without dissolving into socialism and allowed laws to be put into place on behalf of labour class smash working conditions and higher wages.The individuals desire to earn a higher wage has allowed for globalisation to steadily increase the need for a larger sum of money of products created by the worlds resources. The efficiency and productivity levels of modern society have been steadily increasing because of industrialisation and the progressive taxation techniques implemented after Marx have allowed for the reduction of inequalities between the working and capitalist classes.By taking into consideration the theories of Marx, the modern capitalist society is working to create a fairer working environment for the working class without turning to com munism as history has shown, through failed experiences, that society needs some form of a capitalist social system to use resources in the most efficient and productive way.

La Leche League International: Promoting Awareness for Breastfeeding

La Leche confederation For decades there has been a debate over whether or non women should be all(prenominal)owed to titty feed their babes in public. Breastfeeding is a signifi puket operation in early development. Human titmouse draw contains essential nutrients and calories that atomic number 18 vital to the growth and health of children during the earliest stages of life. There be m whatsoever a(prenominal) organizations that feed been formed to promote the aw beness and necessity for holding. The most e actuallyday organization is the La Leche federation International (LLLI).The La Leche coalition mutilateers the women of the valley the opportunity to reefer an outside(a) womens organization and to better pucker valuable insight on the history of entertaining and benefits that give sucking provides to both the stupefy and her infant. The La Leche unite International is a non-profit organization that was appointed by seven m an otherwise(prenominal)s (bl oody shame White, Edwina Hearn Froehlich, Mary Ann Cahill, Betty Wagner Spandikow, Viola Brennan Lennon, Mary Ann Kerwin, and Marian Leonard Tompson) in the United States in 1956.The founders of the La Leche coalition hoped to serve well other mothers who compulsioned to breastfeed their children save found it difficult. The La Leche union offers information and encouragement (mainly through personal help and experience) to all mothers who want to breastfeed their babies. The La Leche League encourages breastfeeding from birth forwards with no upper age limit for the child. The idea for naming the La Leche League came from a statue in St. Augustine, Florida honoring Nuestra Senora de la Leche y Buen Parto which means Our doll of Milk and Good Childbirth.When the La Leche League was found, the words breastfeeding and expectant werent readily accepted in society, so the Spanish word La Leche (which stands for the milk) was used as to not offend anyone in the society. In 2010, the League published the book The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding which is the most acquit resource available for the breastfeeding mother. The book became a National Best-seller. The La Leche League is active in 65 countries and territories it reaches more than 300,000 mothers monthly through a network of over 7,000 accredited leaders (Brief).The La Leche League was founded to give information and encouragement, mainly through personal help, to all mothers who want to breastfeed their babies. While complementing the charge of the physician and other health care professionals, it recognizes the quaint importance of one mother helping another to behold the needs of her child and to learn the beat out means of fulfilling those needs. It helps mothers who want to breastfeed through mother-to-mother support, encouragement, information and education, and to promote a better understanding of breastfeeding as an important element in the healthy development of the baby and the mother (LLL P).The La Leche League believes that breastfeeding is best thing to do for the baby and the mother. It offers a unique bonding experience that fosters a nurturing relationship between mother-to-child. The La Leche League also believes that breastfeeding discount deepen a mothers understanding of the responsibilities and rewards of her upstart role in the family. To be a member of the La Leche League it cost an annual fee of $25. Members are granted access to an international e-newsletter, a discount in their online store and special offers via email.The La Leche League believes mothers who are members of LLLI breastfeed longer because they have the information, education, support, and encouragement they need to esteem the experience. Supporting Membership in LLLI is a real bargain when you assure the costs of not breastfeeding The best way is to join is through a local group, so that funds will be available in your vicinity to help mothers and babies locally but members may opt to join online (Benefits of LLL). The closest center to our area is in McAllen, Texas.The McAllen group meets every deuce-ace Tuesday of the month. All breastfeeding mothers and mothers-to-be interested in breastfeeding are welcome to attend any meeting or call one of the Leaders for breastfeeding help or information. Babies are always welcome at the meetings as well. La Leche League Leaders are experienced mothers who have breastfed their own babies and who have been learn and accredited by La Leche League International to help mothers and mothers-to-be with all aspects of breastfeeding.They are available by phone whenever you have breastfeeding questions or concerns. kindle candidates for membership can join LLLI locally in 65 several(predicate) countries and territories or online virtually anyplace. Although the La Leche League is a non-profit organization, in 2009-2010 it authoritative $594,083 from membership dues, $485,035 from Publications, $382,680 from Contributions, $ 327,044 Royalty Income, $34,522 from Periodicals, $7,760 from Miscellaneous, $5,279 from Interest Income, and $650 from Workshop and seminar fees (LLLIO).The most comm entirely have it off with mothers breastfeeding is if it is acceptable public acceptance. While there are no preserve laws in the US forbidding breastfeeding outside of the home and only ternary provinces in which laws place any limitation on the way in which public breastfeeding may be done, it is often frowned upon by the public. A adult female who breastfeeds in a privately owned place open to the public, much(prenominal) as a restaurant or shopping mall, might lawfully be asked to leave, either by the owner or in conformance with the owners instructions.State laws that protect public breastfeeding fall into three categories. Currently, the strongest state laws are those that both protect a fair sexs right to breastfeed anywhere she or her child have a right to be, regardless of whether the breast is showi ng, and that also give the woman the power to bring a good action against anyone who interferes with her breastfeeding. Other state laws establish a womans right to breastfeed in public, but dont provide a way for her to enforce this right.The ternary category specifies that the act of breastfeeding is not indecent exposure (sometimes given other names, but always referring to the exposure of body parts), and prevent a woman from being charged with a sex crime for breastfeeding. Most of the states in the United States do protected nursing but there are three states that have no law protecting nursing, which include watt Virginia, Nebraska, and Idaho. As for the state of Texas there is a law that protects nursing in public but without an enforcement provision (Public).Aside from knowing the laws about breastfeeding in public, people need to educate themselves on the benefits of breastfeeding to the infant and the mother. Breastfeeding is one of the best ways to ensure a babys heal th and development. Its a convenient, cost-effective, rude(a) way to feed your baby (Breastfeeding). Breast milk has been found to provide the ideal balance of nutrients for optimal growth and development, and it is easy digestible by the baby.This is because the breast produces colostrum, which is thick, yellowish fluid that helps a newborns digestive system develop and function properly. Nursing can also prevent many common childhood illnesses as breast milk contains antibodies that pass from the mother to the baby for protection. This is called inbred immunity, and studies have shown a decrease in both infirmaryizations and pediatrician visits in babes that were breastfed by their mothers. few of the common aliments that are decreased include bacterial meningitis, iarrhea, ear infections, and respiratory tract infections. Other, more server condition, such as sudden infant death syndrome and childhood leukemia, have been confirmed by research to have a reduced risk of develop ment in babies who have been breastfeed (Breastfeeding). For premature infants, human milk significantly shortens that duration of their hospital stay, hastens brain-stem maturation, and reduces the risk of life-threating diseases. A mothers breast milk is unique in both its composition and function, and cannot currently be reproduced by other manmade substance.Even though there are a multitude of benefits for the baby, there are also many for the mother as well. Breastfeeding helps the uterus return hold to its normal size and reduces post delivery bleeding after by releasing a hormone called Oxytocin. It also burns up to quintet hundred calories per day, which helps the mother shed the pounds gained during pregnancy in a natural way, and breastfeeding may reduce the rick of developing postpartum depression. Breastfeeding exclusively can delay the return of the menstrual cycle for twenty to thirty weeks.Not only does this help the mother recover quickly after leaving the hospita l, but also it is 98% effective in preventing pregnancy. However, birth control is distillery suggested for preventative measures, and has not been found to have any adverse preserve on the baby while breastfeeding. The most important benefit, however, is the bond true between the baby and mother while breastfeeding, which helps to enhance emotional shackle between the two (Benefits of Breastfeeding).The individual that I interviewed said that breastfeeding made her brute(a) impending to her baby and prideful that she could provide for her child (Milligan). This physical encounter also helps the baby to feel more secure and warm in their environment, and eases the transition out the womb. While breastfeeding, a baby gets skin-to-skin contact, ensuring a closer bond to their mother and helping the baby to feel more quenched emotionally. Another great reason is that mothers can save thousands of dollars on hospital visits and formal.Mothers can spend up to $500 each month for normal and up to $1500 for doctor visits, prescriptions, and hospital stays in the first socio-economic class (Benefits of LLL) Since breastfeeding also results in a reduction in an infants illness, the mother will be able to take fewer sick days off from work. Although breastfeeding may seem scary or foreign, it is actually a very natural process to the body that will, with time, become both comfortable and natural for the mother.After weighing the multitude of benefits for the baby, society, and, the mother herself, breastfeeding is the best choice when it comes to feeding and compassionate for a baby in the most optimal way. That is why I believe mothers should to join the La Leche League to help promote breastfeeding in our community. Work Site Benefits of Breastfeeding. Natural Resources Defense Council. Natural Resources Defense Council. bunt 25, 2007. Web. April 2, 2012 The Benefits of LLL Supporting Members. La Leche League. La Leche League. June 6, 2011. Web.April 9, 2012 A Brief History of La Leche League International. La Leche League. La Leche League. October 14, 2007. Web. April 2, 2012 Breastfeeding. Healthy Women. Healthy Women. January 9, 2012. Web. April 10, 2012 La Leche League International Operations. La Lecha League. La Leache League. December 15, 2011. Web. April 9, 2012 La Leche League Purpose. La Leche League. La Leche League. October 14, 2007. Web. April 8, 2012 Milligan, Alisha. Personal Interview. April 8, 2012 Public Breastfeeding Laws. Mothering. Mothering. n. d . Web. April 10, 2012

Pfizer Marketing Strategies Essay

Pfizer Inc., disc everyplaces, develops, manufacturers, and markets leading prescription medicine for humans and animals and many of the domain of a functions best-known consumer brands. Their innovative, value-added overlaps mend the quality of life of people somewhat the world and help them enjoy longer, healthier, and more productive lives. The alliance has trio business segments health c argon, animal health and consumer health c be. The top threesome worldwide pharmaceutical companies in gross revenue are from GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer and Merck respectively. In 2001, Pfizer change magnitude its market treat and became the sales leader. They see continued to lead the perseverance since. The main reason for their tremendous growth is that their pharmaceutical products are adapted to improve the quality of life of their clients. Those products are Aricept, Celebux, Diflucan, Lipitor, Neurontin, Norvasc, sildenafil, Zithromax, Zoloft and Zyrtec.Research and growth is vit al to the success of any pharmaceutical beau monde. Pfizer spent 7.1 billion on research and victimisation in 2003 this is the only pharmaceutical company that is sufficient of investing this much. Their future, as one company, with a single purpose and mission, is acutely defined. Pfizer Inc. wants to be the company that does more good, for more people, than any other on the planet. Innovation is critical to improving health and sustaining Pfizers growth and advantageousness. They are deeply committed to meeting the needs of their customers, and we constantly focus on customer satisfaction.Pfizer is now implementing a strategy to drive performance within the global business, building on the business model and management moral principle that they applied in the United States. The most important priority is to improve sales performance by means of the launch of new pharmaceutical products, assist doctors to continue to prescribe existing products, and attempt to increase con sumption and aggrandise the over-the-counter market. Pfizer is a strong and reliable brand, with a solid war-ridden position and diversified product line that appeals to a wide customer travelling bag. However, Pfizer needs to communicate with their clients more effectively in order to benefit on their opportunities. Their current objective foc practises heavily on increasing positiveness and sales volume of the new products, such as Lipitor,Norvasc, Celebrex and Neurontin. They are seeking to increase efficiency by reorganizing of the structure of the company.Pfizers focus on research and development is matched by an equally strong emphasis on merchandising. The company promotes its human pharmaceutical products to health business organization providers including doctors, nurse practitioners, doctor assistants, pharmacists, pharmacy benefits managers, and managed care organizations. Pfizer also promotes its products directly to consumers in the U.S. via direct-to-consumer (D TC) print and tv set advertising. Pfizer has responded to the Food and Drug Administrations 1997 decision to loosen restrictions on DTC advertising of prescription drugs by increasing DTC promotional spending distributively yearPfizers strong marketing and sales operations have enabled the company to become the partner of choice for the marketing of innovative products demonstrable by others. Pfizer is extremely skilled in creating conjunctions with other pharmaceutical companies via co-promotion agreements. finished co-promotion and licensing agreements, Pfizer promotes and markets such highly promising products as Celebrex, Bextra, Aricept, and so on with alliance partners. Pfizer provides cash, staff, and other resources to further develop, market, promote, and sell the products in exchange for a share of revenues.For the over-the-counter market, Pfizer advertises in newspapers, magazines and uses outside media, especially for essential pharmaceutical products. An manakin w ould be the cardiovascular medicine LIPITOR. Potential customers gain product knowledge through advertisements when reading newspapers and popular magazines. For doctors, Pfizer spends a substantial count of money for physician-type advertisements, such as small catalogs, pertinent posters, printed 3D plot regarding the specified product because the doctor is their main customer. Once the patient is unfastened to the advertisements inside the clinic, they have more product knowledge and confidence.Pfizer continues to have sales promotions each year to support the 2-3 products they develop annually. These sales promotions are cerebrate onhospitals and general practitioners. Before the new product is going to launch, Pfizer announces relevant details to these people first and advises them of all of the available support. Once launched, a clinical study paper and samples are delivered to the doctors when Pfizer representatives are visiting them. Antibiotics are classified into fou r groups Penicillin, Quinolones, Macrolides and Cephalosporins. Patients will develop a resistance through continued use of same antibiotic, which is why Pfizer continually develops new antibiotics. sales promotion, advertising, and product knowledge are all very important aspects of marketing for Pfizer to launch their new products.While Pfizer has a deem of strong products in its portfolio, it is Viagra that has received a large amount of attention lately and its success will be important for Pfizer. However, the huge cost of Viagra has been a highly discussed issue, with a number of governments struggling to reach decisions over reimbursement issues. However, Viagras high cost may lead to the use of cheaper, utility(a) treatment for the condition. There have also been a number of safety issues surrounding the use of Viagra. Because of the high consumer awareness of Viagra repayable to extensive media coverage, the continued safety concerns, combined with the impending launch of alternative oral treatments, this could have a significant adverse affect on the sales of Viagra. Pfizer appears to have continued high expectations for Viagra, possibly implying an over colony on the success of one product. The high sales and marketing enthronization by Pfizer to promote Viagra could damage the companys profitability if revenues from Viagra do not live up to expectations.Pfizer is a company that has a stronghold on its market, due to having superior research and development department, as well as one of the most innovative ship canal to approaching potential customers and business partners. All of this contributes to their competitive advantage and enables the company to always stay a step ahead of their competitors. Although the health care industry is ever changing and threats and opportunities often appear, Pfizer has a stable base for the future in this business field. As the company motto states emotional state is our Lifes Work

Djas

Successful alteration to convince Involves happen taking which means that the inevitability of unpredictable outcomes, both authoritative and disallow leaves many individuals lost in misgiving and pain. While some recover contentment in familiar family and friends, others find mixture confronting, causing feelings of fear and insecurity, while still others seek the hover of exploration. In spite of these alter attitudes to modify, intensify is a concept that is essential to the continuation of life. These varying concepts of change and Its Importance argon represented by dint of structural and expression techniques.In the poetry Loch Arid Gorge by John Fouler, a poem that refers to the thrill and dangers of ocean exploration. The feature film Rush directed by Ron Howard, conveys the fear resolveing from injury and the authoritative change that send word come from miserable. Finally, the poem enroll Without So oftentimes as smash by Bruce pope tests the readers own see to iting of the negative effects of mer toilettile system change on human life. Whilst the positive thrill of exploration and insecurityiness taking involves new worlds and vistas, the negative aspects when disaster strikes s rise up outweigh the positive effects.Such journeys may include other people such as the commission that Australian poet John Fouler explores the notion of change via thrill of exploration, as well as the discovery of the past. Fouler creates a relationship between himself and the responder by the habituate of Inclusive language within the text. This Is conveyed In We climb on a weathered cream precipice The white plague of Inclusive language get under ones skins the responder on a dangerous journey along the cliff daring with the author to the setting where the poem is taking place.The Journey Fouler shares with responders pens their eyes, revealing the tragic historical past and the violent events that had winn place along the twee c oastline. With the realization of the shipwreck of the Lock Arid a century ago, the dependable strength and persistence of nature Is revealed as It simply goes on *clicking tufts of unconcern corresponding the sheep and cattle, the unusual metaphor here together with the gravestones that hump the grass reveal nevertheless how much has changed physically at this tourist site since that terrible night.Moreover, natures world-beater to provide negative unpredictable outcomes reveals the risk of sea runners in the past. metamorphose is perceived by the reader as both, positive and negative resulting in the responders Joining Fouler as he takes them on an exploration to discover the unacquainted with(predicate) secrets of history. This idea of risk taking and unpredictable outcomes is also represented in the film Rush which involves the highly dangerous sport of Formula One in sasss. The protagonists cheat death and get thrill from it which is represented in the quote, The close-h auled you are to death, the more alive you feel.Its a wonderful way to live. which describes risk taking with positive connotations. This is reinforced by the way the director come the protagonists crash. The use of a long stroking down the straight they are sitting on the straight watching the scene take place. The laborious rain droplets running down the screen emphasis the dangers and how heroic the drivers are. When the railway car flips many components from the vehicle fly off in all nidus illustrating how dangerous the sport was, not only for the driver and the car besides for the audience who are at risk of projectiles from crashing cars.This crash hanged the Fl culture forever, it advance drivers never to push racing to extreme limits where conditions are likely to result in great injury or death. Both of these texts demonstrate the thrill that some find in risk taking. However, this text also demonstrates the dangers in the exploration of new situations. Since chang e is unpredictable, individuals often experience pain and suffering which negatively affects their lives but also has the potential to encourage personal increase and understanding as they struggle to adapt.This is explored in Rush as Howard explores both change and the positive and negative thoughts of fear which arise from injury and suffering. Suffering forces individuals to take stock of their lives , While in Hospital acquire my lungs vacuumed I completed there was more than Just winning, I have a married woman and want to live till a long age. , the use of personal first person reflection and the black humor of getting my lungs vacuumed makes the character, Nikkei Laud, exaggerate his feelings towards the positive aspects of life and how much he values it.The use of the flashbacks to where Laud was in hospital unconnected to all the medical equipment see the true terror all bystanders experienced. A close up shot from the doctor pushing the vacuum down his throat as well a s the strong sound of sludge beingness sucked from his lungs, turns the responder pay to almost feeling the smallest of pain Laud experienced during his recovery. The director include the direct and confronting image in the film to express how the positive outcomes of change only become obvious after fear of injury and suffering. Enter without so much as knocking is a poem create verbally by Bruce Dade in order to test he readers opinion towards change and question the inevitability of change through the broad range of language techniques used. The parody of sass advertising slogans in the quote Like every other well-equipped smoothly-run household, his included one economy size mum, one Anthony Squires-Cholesterol-summertime Dad Enforces the influence of consumerism on society as it manipulates people to change without them being aware of it.This is seen through the use of caesura and tone to reinforce the thoughts of shallow commerce and its strong influence on change. The ov erload of commercialism is perceived as topic but is only changing the world into a dyspepsia society as it large influences the actions and products of each and every individual. This tests the readers thoughts of change and why they have changes. Throughout all three texts composers take their responders on a Journey to demonstrate their perspectives of change.In Loch Arid Gorge and Rush the composers express factual historical events. The composers take their responders on social, cultural and personal changes and the impact on human life. Those personae quire adaptation and often risk taking behavior in order to understand themselves better. By contrast, Enter without so much of knocking reveals that change can be subtle as the persona is not aware of the changes until it is excessively late and he is faced with death.Intro risk taking different perspective unpredictable outcomes positive and negative inevitability, no control expressed through engage and structural techniques Loch Arid Gorge by John Fouler destruction caused by nature Rush by Ron Howard fear resulting from injury and the positive change that can come from offering Enter Without So Much as Knocking by Bruce Dade negative effects of commercialism on human life.

Crime? What crime? Essay

1) Is killing any one ever justifiable? What if it is out of self defense? Does Raskolnikov real cargon that he murdered Alyona or is he just horror-stricken of the punishment? 2) Are in that respect people who be higher up the constabulary? Should there be? 3) What are both(prenominal) themes in the newfangled? How do they relate to a character? Some themes in the figment are derangement from society, nihilism, and the idea of the super compassionate. All three themes are related through Raskolnikovs ideology that some human are better than others.His alienation from society stems from his p absolvee and his inferior insure of others. Nihilism is the philosophical view that Raskolnikov adopts its beliefs are that moral decisions should be made based on what grants the largest step of people the most gaiety. He also uses his belief of nihilism to release killing Alyona because her death would wholeow Lizaveta freedom and happiness. The idea of the superhuman is that s ome people are extraordinaire(postnominal) and most are ordinary where the extraordinary are above all laws and the ordinary are not.In the novel, all three of the themes beliefs are used by Raskolnikov to justify his plans of murder and the unfeigned murder itself. This bear in mindset is what enables Raskolnikov to lose his humanity and consider taking a life for the enormouser good. Crime? What crime? My killing a loathsome, nocent louse, a filthy old moneylender woman and you call that a crime? From the context of these lines the reader bay window infer that Raskolnikov believes he is above the law and did society a service by getting rid of a malicious old lady.These beliefs eventually cause inner ruckus with in Raskolnikov and lead him into a half-delirium state of mind. 4) What is the primary purpose of the novel? Is the purpose important or meaningful? The primary purpose of the novel is to reinforce the ideas to the readers that regardless of philosophy true guilt is inescapable and sincerely yours great people will lift humanity up, not school it behind. An example of inescapable guilt can be assuren in Raskolnikovs reaction to Nastasyas telling him that the beatings he thought he hear was blood Blood?What blood? he murmured, turning pale and plunk for away against the wall. His reaction to this suggests that he is no longer thinking he is superior to anyone and that he fears everyone suspects him for the murders already. Sonya is a good example of a great person because even though Raskolnikov has committed such a wicked crime she is willing to look past it and be the one who saves him. In life, people are taught their right from their wrongs and are punished to discourage freehanded behavior.Generally, when people are punished for anything they will not do it a second time for fear of the punishment that awaits their misdeed. Parents are models for their children to grow up well. They are the ones who will lift humanity up by bre eding their kids to live in harmony with others. The purpose of the novel is an important one it is non-discriminatory and it is true that people who believe in humanity and try to see past its flaws will make humans a better race. 5) What is the spot of family and community in this novel? 6) What is important about the title?Is there a reference in the novel that explains the title? Is there a reason we sometimes use that phrase to describe the criminal-justice system? 7) What are the conflicts in Crime and Punishment? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) did you notice in the novel? 8) How does Fyodor Dostoevsky reveal character in Crime and Punishment? 9) Is Raskolnikov arranged in his actions? Is he a fully developed character? 10) equal the major female characters Sonya, Dunya, and Katerina Ivanovna. Do you think they are well-rounded characters or stereotypes?How does each figure in Raskolnikovs actions? Part Three 1) the tooshie for and the impact of mortal choices 2) human isolation and its effect on the individual 3) how a new perspective influences an individuals interpretation of the human race 4) the ways in which individuals pursue or compromise their happiness 5) the interplay between fear and foresight when individuals make life altering choices Thesis In Crime and Punishment, isolation is used as a means to foil the inferiority of society, cause insanity, and pursue ones full potential. melodic phrase 1 Raskolnikovs alienation from society allows him to become overly prideful. warning So absorbed in himself had he grown, so isolated from everyone else, that he was actually afraid of meeting anyone at all definition By depriving himself of human interaction, Raskolnikov makes rejoining society a hard task to accomplish. Since his thoughts were the only ones he heard he became prideful and believed himself to be a genius. Argument 2 By choosing to be isolated from society Raskolnikov opens himself up to h aving abstract and uncivilized thoughts.Example I plan to attempt a thing ilk this, yet I allow that kind of rubbish to scare me. Explanation Raskolnikovs thoughts begin to become muddled as a direct result of his alienation from society. When nihilism is introduced to him, he instantly agrees because it is in house of his isolated lifestyle, which leads him to believe his thoughts are going to be what lifts up the human race. Argument 3 In his efforts to distance himself from society, Raskolnikov is destroying his run across at happiness and quality of life.Example His vital interests no longer concerned him he did not even wish to think about them. Explanation with using isolation to create happiness for himself, Raskolnikov, deteriorates the quality of his life and destroys his chance at happiness by constantly fighting his conscience which causes his mind to enter a half-delirious. Conclusion Keith Henson once said People can undergo a sudden change of thinking and loyalt ies under affright of death or intense social pressure and isolation from friends and family.

Improving Organization Retention Paper Essay

Organizations often experiences staffing issues t here(predicate)fore, wizard de dejectioncelment go out be asked to cover for a nonher. However, these issues throw away be gene enjoind from several aspects at bottom an organization such(prenominal) as staffing issues, financial issues, and organization holding. Subsequently, the organization administration must(prenominal) endeavor to sort out the best strategy to resolve these issues. In this particular paper the central issues involves staffing. Strategies for improving the make use ofee selection process include tracking recruitment sources utilize realistic subscriber line pre trip ups (RJPs) using assessment tools and interviews to predict turnover and hiring for conciliate and motivation (Barrick & Zimmerman, p.1 Para 6 2005).Moreover, an organization that implements a successful staffing go up get out basically establish a positive influence regarding employee computer memory. withal with this paper organiz ation retention will be discussed in details, and control motivation theories will be applied to improve employee recruitment and retention at JCs Casino. An examination of electric potential occupational expressors that are considered as a negative influence on recruitment and retention as well as a significant proposal will be demonstrated.Further more, the role of meditate satisfaction and its influence on retention at the gambling casino, and recommendations for improving job satisfaction of the employees, and how that can ply a part in successfully improving retention will be discussed. Ultimately, a discussing regarding counterproductive employee behavior occurring at the casino as well as what suggestions that would reduce the counterproductive behavior and increase productive employee behavior will be demonstrated as well.JCs CasinoThis particular casino is in disarray as the result of unpredictable staffing issues, which fundamentally caused the casino dealers to op en. In fact, the dealers obtain employment with other casino that merely offered a lower wage rate in contrast to his or her motive employment. Moreover, the casino housekeeping staff itself was experiencing issues because of the absenteeism and the high turnover of rooms. Consequently, this issue essentially impinged on other departments within the casino because of the required staff essential to manage the casino was lacking. Indeed, this concern did not impress the casino customers in fact, it merely produced more chaos as the hotel had to adjust the check -in measure, and shoot additional staff to clobber in the luggage room.The customers who arrived earlier had to be accommodating as the organization policy entailed. However, the owner is unaware of the magnitude of the issues, which surrounds the casino itself. In essence, the owner merely knows of the specifics such as the dealers was falling off like flies, and casino customers were becoming increasingly displeased r egarding the wrong check-in transformation. Following, these issues and the whole story enlighten one could understand why this particular organization desires urgent assistance as a mean to improving the organization retention.Motivation Work theoriesOne of motivation roleplay theories that will be employed involves the Douglas McGregors X-Y surmisal. Douglas McGregor (1906-1964) was the creator of one of the lead-in exceptional focussing theories without comparison. He hypothesized that a focussing position is considered as one of the most significant position within a corporation. In essence, he proposed that it was the motorbus responsibility to encourage and unveil the vast germinal capability within people. McGregor introduced two significant forms of management onward motiones, which essentially started the culture of his X and Y theories the authoritarian and the participative.The surmise X authoritarian management style, employees are inherently lazy, and the o ne-on-one would generally have to be strained to work. Nonetheless, under the Theory Y participative management style, employees would discover work as favorable. McGregor also emphasize that, under the proper management, all employees are naturally Theory Y employees (Kallio, 2006). The X Theory is primarily centered on a fashion of management and leadership that is authoritarian, whereas the Y Theory tends to employ more constructive aspects of leadership. Consequently, McGregors conjecture can relate to JCs Casino situation as it expresses organization development. The Y Theory will allow the staff members to make progress and advance.This way of thinking, in view of this aspect it would be a plus to employ as a means to enhance recruitment and retention within The JCs Casino. To embark on this journey first, the Y Theory will permit the omnibus to support employees incentives in place of chat and demerits. The Y Theory directors hold back that each employee like work, an d work for the good of the organization, which gene evaluate capitalization on efficacy between the employees. The Y Theory manager would give employees the chance of an granting immunity of creativeness, which would form motivated and faithful employees who appreciate his or her job. The Y Theory managers also work toward building meaningful and productive relationships with their employees.These managers contend with McGregor correspondence that the responsibility of management is to allow their employees to express their vast creative potential (Skidmore, 2006). One significant aspect, the Y manager would offer an open duologue with employees and other departments and through displaying leadership by trail with example. Domination and reprimand are not always the best, and the only method to create profitable workplace. In fact, the work itself should be asked and not commanded as a manager subscribing to the X Theory would be more likely to perform.However, the success of each of these theories would essentially depend on -the -job as well as the individual. round people require unvarying direction and others will excel with small-scale or no direction. In essence, it would fall back on what the individuals work best with regarding Theory X and Theory Y would come into play motivational wise. Another significant possibility is called the Z scheme founded by William Ouchi. This particular theory is identified as the Japanese Challenge within the management, which is employs the Y Theory and modern Japanese management principals. Although the employee within this theory must have the proper mind-set at all times for tasks with complete liability regarding the ultimate result of tasks.Nevertheless, Theory Z essentially advocates a combination of all thats best about theory Y and modern Japanese management, which places a large amount of freedom and trusts with workers, and assumes that workers have a strong loyalty and interest in team-working and t he organization. An individual behavior and environment can change unexpectedly thus, this particular theory lacks the strength, and direction contrasting to the McGregor X-Y theory that involves great motivational suggestions and reasoning.Occupational stockorsJCs Casino organization have a high stress take aim profession as well as a high stress level that often surfaces between employees. This type of environment entails customers who are commonly inebriated and often irritated thus, workers must intervene if necessary. Consequently, recruitment and retention should be meticulous because a casino environment can be challenging and not for everyone. According to researchers casinos that implement pettishness perplexity courses that include procedures for recognizing and managing stress, which displayed a higher results regarding employee contentment (Internet Reference, Anger & Stress in Casinos-www.andersonservices.com).Role of Job SatisfactionTo implement employee satisfact ion the native focus would be directed toward researching other successful casino such as Ki-Joon Back, a Korean casino. This casino successfully has applied an employee job satisfaction and organizational assertion. The Korean casino embarks on requiring the employees to engage in a survey questionnaire consequence aided management by enhancing the anatomy of employee satisfaction. Moreover, this type of method can be employed within JCs Casino with the same results. One must first follow- up on the results such as provide ongoing training, health care benefits, and fight an open dialog with employees.Each aspect should be permanent to consider employee satisfaction, recruitment as well as retention. Furthermore, the organization should also set up employees with necessary supplies according to the resources. When employees are provided with the required supplies it will create a better atmosphere and enhance self-respect and retention. It is significant to bear in mind that i ntegrity generally starts on the top of administration and can seep into the workers (Internet Reference, CQX.com-Cornell Hospitality Quarterly counseling).Employee BehaviorAccording to Global looseness line of descent regarding employees behavior within type of environment by which it emphasizes that when counterproductive behavior occurs in a casino the management should contract the issue immediately as well as the peoples involved sort of evading the situation. Casino policy should be made unquestionably and sincerely to employees who in turn create an appreciation amid management and staff. Management must be the voice of logic when dealing with rumor or complex concerns. Management must take the led to sort out personally grievances and issues on the floor during his or her shift, and one should by no means leave issues unresolved.However, JCs Casino has two key vital focal points here concerning behavior perceived as counterproductive, which starts with Joe, the tyrannic al pit boss, and the above rate of absenteeism among the housekeepers. Management must correct the issue with Joe in fact, he require to be taught that his method of working and dealing with his coworkers is causing counterproductive. His behavior is essentially causing the employees to perform inadequately, and resulting in employees to leave the casino. Joe must be retrained and necessitate to from this point on apply a Y Theory approach in which he works with his employees instead of his former method.In elusion for some reason he refuses or cannot adjust management must consider reinstating him or shifting him to a position because his behavior is not complimentary to the organization. Another point counterproductive to the company is the above rates of housekeepers as absent from work. The casino pays a fair wage, but because of the dearth of staff the housekeepers undergoing overworked and underappreciated beliefs. The casino needs to employ a new management agenda in whic h the managers had a better mentality and could create an intensify working environment for the employees.ConclusionIndeed, based on this finding manager knowledge, skills, and abilities are highly necessary. A management position is considered as one of the most significant position within a corporation. The JC Casino entails legion(predicate) significant facets and layers that could be perceived as challenging and are causes for concern. If management maintains this model, change decision-making methods and mindsets, aid employees with healthier working conditions and with respect.This will lead to monthlong retention and will eventually lead to a better more efficient recruitment process, which will aid the JC Casino as it continues to soar, and becomes profitable. Management must correct the issue with Joe in fact, he needs to be taught that his method of working and dealing with his coworkers is causing counterproductive. Ultimately, the corporation expects the manager to be prepared to work harder, and to put forth more effort than the others leading by the example. The effectiveness of either of these theories would ultimately come to depend on- the- job and the workers.ReferencesBarrick, M. R. & Zimmerman, R. D. (2005). Reducing voluntary, avoidable turnover through selection. Global Gaming Business Vol.9. No. 2,(Internet Reference, CQX.com-Cornell Hospitality Quarterly Management. (Internet Reference, Anger & Stress in Casinos-www.andersonservices.com (Internet Reference, motivational theories-www.businessballs.com. (Internet Reference, http//www.businessballs.com/mcgregor.htm. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 159-166. Retrieved April 4, 2011 Kallio, B. (2006). Mcgregor, Douglas. Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration. Retrieved on April 4, 2011, from http//www.sage-ereference.com/edleadership/Article_n368.html Skidmore, M. (2006). Theory X, Theory Y. Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration. Retrieved on April 4, 2011 from, http//www.sage-ereference.com/edleadership/Article_n566.html/

My experience, role and learning support Essay

In accordance to the ethical guidelines compose by The British Education Research Association (BERA, 2004), the names of the kidren and school, where used, wipe emerge been changed in order to maintain confidentiality and anonymity. My reference (Hancock et al. , 2013 p1) States that the practice of culture reserve as carried out by principle swear outants has split uped considerably in recent times. In the nursery I work on side two higher level teaching aids and the nursery teacher.At this stage of school life, the majority of development is finished with(predicate) tomboy, so we advance the use of structured, salubrious thought out fun educational games and playing period either in little groups or on a maven to one basis, I carry out structured activities i. e. drawing, writing, crafting and reading, either on a one to one basis or with a sm whole group of usu aloney 4-6 squirtren. I t suitable service identify either child or children that may bene go fro m except one to one inspection and repair, through throwing well informed observation notes (KU1.1) (KS3. 1) (PPS4. 3) In my role as schoolroom assistant in year one, my role is very corresponding to that of the anatomyroom assistant, Marg art Verrecchie, in reader book 1 (Hancock et al. , 2013, pg4) A classroom assistant) I work along side the teacher and one teaching assistant. I help the teacher in the classroom, prepare resources for the session and tin the children extra choke off with reading and writing, it depends on what the teacher wants and call for and on what she asks me to do.Each day is different, and my duties vary accordingly. (PPS4. 3) (KS3. 1) As a midday supervisor, I work along side 10 other midday supervisors, supervising the children in the dining area and other vocalizations of the school during the dejeuner time break. I help the children with a variety of tasks such as cutting up food, unwrapping of pack lunches and help teach good take habits, After the children finish eating, we go to the playground, or if its wet play, a classroom, where I supervise the children at play.I ensure pupils keep out of areas that are out of bounds, deal with misbehaviour, account any problems that Im unable to resolve to my duty manager, I attend to every(prenominal) pupils who are sick or injured, ensuring they receive the distract medical attention, reporting all accidents in the accident report book, I am aware of my responsibilities under(a) the child protection legislation, reporting any concerns I may assume to my senior supervisor or child protection officer.I bonk this role as it allows me to see the children in a more relaxed environment, bear-sized(a) me the invaluable opportunity to get to know the children, on a more personal level, getting to know their personalities outside of the classroom. As lunchtimes are a great opportunity for the children to burn of f some steam, I essay to encourage the children to take part in lots of physical activities a alike skipping and hoopla hoops. (PPS4. 3)I can personally relate to the parent assistance in the (The Open University, 2013) E111 DVD sequence Pam Crawford is a parent helper with a son who is special needs statemented, In the sequence, Pam states that she originally started to propose mainly to subscribe to her son, merely along the means she decided that cosmos a teaching assistant was what she wanted to be, so started a college lean to train to become a qualified teaching assistant, which is exactly the resembling as why I am doing this course. FrameworkI volunteer a varied and broad array of duties and tasks on a perfunctory basis in support to the pupils, the teacher, the school and the curriculum, through performing activities on a one to one basis or as part of a team with my work colleagues. Although they do tend to regularly circuit each other, I offer the quartet levels of support as suggested in the DfEE framework. (PPS4. 3) To support the pupils I encourage them to act independently in an appropriate way, to interact with each other and engage enthusiastically in all the classroom activities.I try to establish a good kinship with all the pupils, acting as a good role model, world aware of and responding appropriately to all individual needs. I supervise and support all the pupils ensuring their safety and make sure they arouse access to learning at all times. I help them to develop their skills in listening, to depict their feelings and ideas, help them to check, describe, select and retrieve information, show them ways in which to help with problem solving, chat etc. I in like manner attend to all pupils personal needs including social, health, physical, hygiene, minor first aid and general well being.To help support the teacher, I prepare the classroom as and when take for the lessons then clear everything away at the end of the lesson. I also help display pupils work around the classroom I keep records as and when asked to do so by the teacher. I also support the teacher by managing pupil behaviour, reporting all difficulties appropriately, to the relevant constituent of staff. I also gather and report and information to and from parents or biders at the end of the school day and I provide administration duties as and when the teacher requires.To support the school I participate in any training and learning activities and any performance culture meetings as and when required, I contribute to the overall ethos of the school, I am aware of and support residue and ensure all pupils pay equal access to opportunities to learn and collapse and to be aware of and comply with policies and procedures relating to child protection, health, safety and security, confidentiality and data protection, reporting all concerns to an appropriate person.To help support the curriculum I help prepare and maintain equipment/resources as directed by the teacher and assist the pupils in their use, also supporting the pupils in using basic ICT as directed by the teacher. I support the pupils in respect to bailiwick and local learning strategies e. g. literacy, numeracy, early years as directed by the teacher and help pupils understands instructions that have been given by the teacher. precedent interests and experiencesI enjoyed school and similarlyk part in lots of school activities like the school productions and the school summer floats at carnival time, I also learnt to play the flute which gained me a place in the school orchestra. I was confident and never had problems making friends, although I did struggle with my school work, but I never let it beat me, I always strived to do my best. I have always been able to take the initiative and have a positive and adaptable personality. I find it easy to fit in with my surroundings and work well as part of a team or on my own. Since leaving school, Ive worked for various companies, big and small.Ive been a compa ny administrator for a large company, which throw up my confidence working as part of a team which encouraged me to be more efficient with my time as I had to work to strict deadlines, gaining knowledge on company policies and procedures and improving my ICT, and communication skills. I was also a care worker for a care agency where confidentiality was paramount I went to clients homes to perform various duties from personal care to shopping and housework. Its through this job that I learnt skills to encourage people to be independent and carry out frank instructions/tasks.Its also through this job that I learnt the magnificence of confidentiality and to keep completely accurate, up to date client observational records. I have three children of my own now and the experiences gained from being a mother, on top of the experiences gained from previous employment and my current employment, has enabled me to make the clear decision that I would like to pursue a career as a teaching assistant as I feel that the skills Ive gained through life are all relevant to a teaching assistants role and skills that I have acquired for life.Key theories and concepts Both Piaget and Vygotsky were subservient in forming a scientific approach on cognitive victimisation in children. Jean Piaget was one of the first psychologists to reveal that children reason and regain differently at different periods in their lives. Piaget considered development went through four stages Sensori-motor Pre-Operational Concrete Operational and the formal Operational stage.The Sensori-motor period (0-2 yrs) is the first stage, as the infants interactions are based on exploring their environment through their senses and abilities, such as grasp and sucking, this also includes practice play as the infant is able to repeat actions continually, but with no intention. The pre-Operational stage (2-7 yrs) is where childrens language is speedily developed, allowing them to express themselves. They st art to use pretend play and parallel play which means children are talking but it is not directed at anyone in particular.The Concrete operation (7-11 yrs) and Formal Operational (11-adult) periods are the 3rd and fourth stages. These are not usually considered in early childhood education but they are still equally important as they are able to think realistically and logically about situations and understand their world (Pulaski. 1980) Vygotsky believes childrens learning of new cognitive skills is guided by an adult or a more skilled child, such as an older sibling, who structures the childs learning experience, a process Vygotsky called scaffolding.To create an appropriate scaffold, the adult must gain and keep the childs attention, model the best strategy and adapt the whole process to the childs developmental level. Vygotsky used this term to signify tasks that are too hard for the child to do alone, but can manage with guidance. Children do seem to follow a certain familia r structure, for example grasping and touching, but not all children learn in the same way or at the same pace.A classic example of Vygotskys scaffolding theory can be seen with my two sons, the youngest that at the time was in nappies wanted to use the big toilet like his big brother, so as suggested by Vygotsky, my eldest son used the scaffolding technique. Vygotskys ideas have important educational applications, like Piagets, Vygotskys theory suggest the importance of opportunities for bustling exploration. But assisted discovery would play a greater role in a Vygotskian classroom than in a Piagetian class The teacher would provide the scaffolding for childrens discovery, through questions, demonstrations and explanations.To be effective, the assisted discovery processes would have to be within the zone of proximal development of each child (Bee and Boyd, p38. (2009) Cognitive learning is not just internal but also external. Piaget believed that developmental growth was learned in stages. Vygotsky believed that learning was a social and progressive process that did not start or stop at a certain stage or age. A childs activity plays a key role in the way they learn. I believe that both these theories go hand in hand and that the environmental factors do influence learning behaviours. Training needsMy overall aim is to become a qualified teaching assistant, for essential school aged children, which I will gain through end this course and with the ongoing training I am receiving at work. I aim to develop a better understanding of the ways in which children learn and be more involved in the planning and training of lessons. Even though I am a valued section of staff, I still feel that I need to develop my relationships further with professional bodies. I feel I also need to develop my leadership skills further, in order for me to improve my effectiveness in take pupils through a class activity.

Children’s Health Fund

CHF began as an idea and past make growd into a large program. Dr. Redlener wanted to be part of the health veneration firmness of purpose, not contri hardlying to the problem. (Br consume, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin and Perkins, 2012). Delivering aesculapian exam fright to folksy areas, working earthquake relief and opposite noteworthy deeds make Dr. Redlener realize that with both(prenominal) support he could help the under privileged. (Brown, et. al, 2012). after(prenominal) reading the case study, I realized that nimble medical exam checkup clinics tout ensembleow for al personal manners be needed. I wear worked Hurri tidy sume cleanup and know that mobile food trucks, mobile Laundromats, showers and medical care is needed immediately.Mobile medical units would give volunteers the equipment needed to treat people in need during lifelike disasters and to the under privilaged. At the same magazine mobile medical clinics could be designd to assist in the growing AIDS epidemic, early maculation of breast asscer, teen pregnancy, drug addiction, and assist in the number virtuoso wellness problem in the United States, obesity. Challenges facing CHF is how to bid nice medical care to under privileged individuals living in country-bred areas, homeless shelters, and poverty stricken areas.These challenges include continuation of funding, introduction to veracious persevering medical records, limitations in telecommunications networks and medical databases, and healthcare providers. So what is the solution to getting expert medical care to the under privileged? more(prenominal)(prenominal) mobile medical clinics and stationary clinics located within the needed areas? However, then we encounter the issue of cost. I make up ones mind the solution as having medical students serve part of their residency or their training by assisting in the mobile medical clinics.If this was part of their training, then CHF cut their budget by not having to pa y for all the provider services. An advantage is free labor, still a disadvantage is they are not fully trained, which could be prejudicious to the ca intake. Retired doctors and nurses who want to work a few days a calendar week would be a great asset while letting them hang on up their skills. The risks that I find oneself with either of these solutions is that the interns have not accomplished their training and the older group may not be as techno savvy as they need to complete the tasks. Allocations from the politics activity would help with some of the financial aspects.The rest would have to come from private donations. However, the implementation of tell apart and federal legislation depart bring medical coverage to an superfluous 30 million uninsured Americans. I dont study that private donations and federal and state funding bequeath cover all the under privileged we currently have and then to add an excess 30 million impart only add to the burden of funding. Our government is cutting the budget currently, so any money from state or federal funding may not last for long. The Affordable help defend is changing the way health care is paid.Hospitals go forth have to embrace intention to cut costs and deliver quality medical care. Hospitals, clinics, and doctors need to work together with the public to advocate needed changes in respect to reimbursements and privacy issues. I believe that the naked HITECH regulations lead provide the perfect patient files that are needed to provide the best care possible. Innovations in technology will soon solve the problems with limitations in telecommunications networks. encompass new technology will allow providers access to patient records and accurate accounting of current treatments.Taking the time to learn all this new technology may be challenging at first but will reward both providers and patients as time passes. Currently the government has been granting infirmarys and clinics millions o f dollars to upgrade existing medical technology and IT programs. A central database will reduce duplication of patients records, treatments, billing and former(a) medical services. Security is the biggest disadvantage that has Americans worrying about who will be allowed to see their medical explanation. I dont feel this is any more insecure than banking online or purchasing merchandise.Databases from the federal government to credit placard companies have been hacked. We just have to believe that our information will be safeguarded. Are there newer more affordable network communications solutions that should be tried? Cloud computing, social networks and big data analytics are innovations that can help network communications now by lowering cost, amend outcomes and increasing access to medical care. (mwellness, 2012). Watch any commercial and you will see that technology innovations are growing by leaps and bounds. No before do you purchase a refreshedphone or computer when s ome social occasion ewer comes out. checkup residents who hold new technology, such as tablets are more efficient, they save up about an hour a day and treatments and prescription(prenominal)s are ordered earlier. (Hyek, n. d. ). The use of mobile devices to access medical records, check real-time vital signs or probe results translates into direct improvement in treatment and outcomes. (mHealth, 2012). The invention and innovation of fleet, cheaper, portable, and more powerful computers make it an affordable solution to communications. Physicians on look for can receive images and start the treatment before they arrive at the hospital.The time saved using portable devices will make hospital plys more efficient, treatment quicker, and save lives. CHF should upgrade their systems with portable devices that are smaller, faster and works in remote areas. Will the federal governments HITECH stimulus funds and Meaningful Use standards lead to correct software product integration solutions? Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Ace (HITECH) is a government program established to advance the use of health information technology to save lives and reduce costs. (Blumenthal, 2010). The HITECH stimulus will definitely lead to better software.Incentive bonuses are being provided to providers who agree the meaningful use of electronic health records (EHR) adoption. (Blumenthal, 2010). Medical practices of the future will have to use EHR to stay in practice. Providers currently have their own systems of electronic health records but they are not connected to other providers, clinics or hospitals. As a military Soldier our medical history is linked. We still hand carry our medical records from job station to duty station, but the system will allow my current doctor to see tests and reports from my last duty assignment.The problem is that if Im sent to a civilian medical facility for additional tests, it is not entered into our system and I have to request paper copies of the documents. It will take some time but I do believe that HITECH will eventually evolve into a nationwide program that will link all patient data. This will ensure that patients are no longer over medicated or jumping from doctor to doctor to get their next fix of prescription drugs. A National Health Information Network (NHIN) is being developed to facilitate the exchange of health information among EHRs.HITECH is a complex health information system for the 21st-century but will continue to evolve as it is implemented, but will require the support and patience of providers and patients to be successful. (Blumenthal, 2010). The HITECH Acts programs strive to create an electronic circulatory system for health information that nourishes the practice of medicine, research, and public health, making health care professionals better at what they do and the American people healthier. (Blumenthal, 2010, mirror symmetry 17).Will the growing in software adoptions at physician offices make it more tall(prenominal) for him to retain his staff? I believe that the increase of software adoptions will make it difficult for doctors to retain their staff. The military has become much computerized, what use to take several clerks to handle can now be end by one clerk. Yes, we got rid of some clerks but had to train Soldiers in information technology to resolve issues and problems. Providers will need less staff to schedule, change or cancel appointments, but will need to enlist employees proficient in computers.Each employee will experience different views on implementing new technology. . (Rivers, Blake, & Lindgren n. d. ). Some will welcome the changes as a way to acquire additional acquaintance, while others may see this as an intrusion into their routine. (Rivers, et. al, n. d. ). Providers will be able to electronically transmit prescriptions from their desk to the pharmacy. Technology can increase the efficiency and effectivenes s of patient care. Wireless headsets allow nurses to settlement phones no matter where they are.My dad is receiving in home health care and they bring a laptop to chart his progress, once back at their office, they send the chart to the doctor, which is saving valuable time. Providers use technology day-to-day in the form of personal data assistants (PDAs), tablets, and Smartphones. (Rivers, et. al, n. d. ). These devices eradicate duplicate charting, test for drug interactions, compute dosages, schedule procedures, order medicine and computerize other clinical duties, therefore reducing the possibility of errors and increasing patient wellbeing. Rivers, et. al, n. d. ). What faction of conditions could emerge that render the mobile medical clinic model obsolete? The biggest thing that could render mobile medical clinics obsolete is the use of mobile networks to advance healthcare (mHealth). Help from technology megatrends, such as social networking, horde computing and big dat a analytics will transform global health care. (mHealth, 2012). The evolving mHealth vision is patient-centric but with information services and data analytics at its core. (mHealth, 2012, P. 7, para 2).Mobile phone applications will have the ability to collect, store, analyze and upload environmental and personal data to healthcare providers to assist in illness prevention and treatment. (FREng, Sherrington, Dicks, Gray, and Chang, 2011). mHealth would allow patients to be monitored from home to avoid hospital or residential stays which might lower health costs. (FREng, et. al, 2011). The increased consciousness and attention to prevention, education, and wellness will produce patients with fewer medical issues and knowledge of their medical history.Mobile networks are continually upgrading their data capacity which includes high-resolution images, video and large file exchanges. (FREng, et. al, 2011). We use our smart phones for banking, trading stocks, decision the cheapest ga s, and now we want to make doctor appointments, pay the doctors bill and access our medical records. In 2011, over 44 million health-related medical applications were downloaded. (Hyek, 2012. ). Smart mobility is now enabling patients to control our electronic medical records while incorporating wellness and fitness applications into our lifestyle. (mHealth, 2012).

Military Issues Essay

My interpretation of war machine drawing cards before I was enrolled into SF0002 was to hands down associate the word bunking with Leader as it is how majority of us (superiors and peers) interpret it to be and I do not know the exposition of Military and Non-military Leadership. later going through just lesson wizard of SF0002, to my astonishment, I complete that the wrong definition of Military Leadership meet became a gospel truth to most of us. The start-off brainstorm that I hold back gained from SF0002 is, that Leadership is not equivalent to a Leader. With the aid of the Leadership concept, Ive identified that Leadership is not virtually me or my superiors it is nearly(predicate) a action involving my ability to influence my subordinates to accomplish missions and achieve outcome in various tasks/projects with a be sickting green purpose. In comparison, both Military and Non-military Leadership similarly defines overhaul as a process to influence. However , to set them, military drawing cardship uniquely employs the use of doctrinal methods to explain loss get hold ofership in a military context.In Singapore, it is identified as the Leadership 24/7 frame attain. To translate the framework into a personalised context, I must influence my peers and masteryers to understand the SAFs Mission and Purpose, our direct environment (airspace constraints and concerns) and achieve Mission success, be it high train events (NDP, multinational conferences etc.) or daily operations (routine controlling). Having said that, I must first align my values to the RSAF core values, sharpen my leadership competencies. With knowledge, charisma and determination, I will be able to command respect and influence those some me to work towards a reciprocal objective. I am currently a underlying Officer in my unit. Two of my primary objectives are to invent cohesions and police squad up building programmes. The Cardinal police squads interpretatio n of tackiness is similar to Team Building. afterwards going through SF0002, I realized that the Cardinal team is heading towards a wrong direction.When tasked to organize a team building programme, we will associate it with team bonding and unity. The stand by insight which I have gained from SF0002 is the differences between coherency and Team Building. Cohesion involves what the my team is working on, such as building bonds and uniting people. However, Cardinal is all about having fun and getting together to know individually other better. Team Building differs greatly from Cohesion. There are on the whole 2 dimensions and a team outcome in the military team building framework.The task related dimension climb ups the teams ability, to disposition the individual roles and functionalities of the team as well as formulating plans and strategies to achieve common objectives. The teamwork dimension invents the teams relationship and establishing rules to govern the teams beha vior and conduct. Team outcome defines the teams vision and cultivations, which canister be tangible or intangible. Viewing the context of the military team building framework, it claims understanding team building more than comprehensive and Im able to share with my superiors and peers on how to organize a team building programme more effectively.Judging from The Five Factor perplex of personality, under Correlation with Leadership criteria Extraversion and Conscientiousness factors predicts leadership emergence well, Agreeableness and Emotional Stability however are propensity towards Leadership Effectiveness and neutral for Openness. In my case, I score an norm for Extraversion and low for Conscientiousness. With regard to Extraversion, I am precise affable and assertive when it comes to peers whom I am close to and I tend to be more reserved and quiet during the initial get to know phrase. besides for Openness, I will only open up to close friends and never to strange rs. Therefore, my score for Openness is slightly low. As for Conscientiousness, I do not cope with with my score because my superiors and peers estimate of me as a ponderousworking and ripe person. However, I do agree that I am not a very organized person as I find it dispute to juggle my work.I believe that my score should be somewhere near average. My score for Emotional Stability is very low, I can agree with that as I tend to facial expression very nervous, lack of boldness and I get depressed very easily. I believe its because of my desire to be a perfectionist therefore I tend to put all the blame on myself when certain things does not go my demeanor (attain only silver for IPPT etc.). As for Agreeableness, I scored an average. I am a caring and cooperative person in general. However, I tend to protest a lot with my peers and superiors ideas and way of handling situations because I always feel that there has to be a better way out. This constant hold for a better wa y out coincides with my desire to be a perfectionist under Emotional Stability. Leadership emergence defines that the emergence of a leader is being decided by others purely based on his carrying into action typically temporary and lack of concrete facts. Leadership Effectiveness defines the effect of a leader in influencing his peers and soldiers to work towards a common goal. I believe my Leadership potential is leaning more towards Leadership Effectiveness.It is hard for soulfulness to determine my personal traits initially, but in a yen run, my demonstration of concern and determination will gibe and motivate them to work towards a common goal of improving the organization. Leadership behavioral skills revolves close to chore, coition and Change (TRC) Behaviors. Task behavior is short term and focussed those who relies heavily on resources (people) and technologies to achieve high productivity. Relations behaviors rely on a persons ability to establish strong bonds with their peers and inspire commitment to work towards a common goal. Change behaviors those who aims to develop and change the organization. TRC analysis provides a comprehensive read to define a leaders behavior. 14 behavioral skills organized into 5 main competencies in the SAF Leadership Competencies Framework (LCM) develops a leaders ability to influence, think critically and creatively in a stressful environment, fudge decisions effectively and execute them efficiently, develop junior leaders, teams and improve organization. Most importantly, a leader must first master the Self meta-competency in order to develop the other 4 competencies because it develops ones will and determination to learn.Task behavior can be related to Mission and Conceptual thought process Competencies. A leader must possess the ability to plan and make critically decisions, and display ethical reasoning to convince people instanter in order to develop a high level of efficiency. Likewise, Relation beh avior can be related to Social and Self (Meta) competencies. A Leader must first self-manage and have a high level of self-awareness in order to be able to sensitively communicate with their pursual at their level, inspiring the followers commitment and cooperation to develop a common goal. Finally, Change behavior can be related to Developmental competency. A leader must encourage the people and team to develop modernistic and creative thinking, with the common intent to aim to develop and improving the organization.After going through SF0002, it definitely enhanced my knowledge on Leadership. I now perceive Leadership in terms of doctrines and academics. Academically, Leadership is a process rather than solely about the leader or someone who holds a management or executive position. Leadership is a process whereby a leader is highly adaptable, in whatever context depute to him, is able to influence his followers to achieve outcomes and purpose of the context. Doctrinally, Leade rship is about understanding the context and development of oneself. To further elaborate on self-development, a SAF Leaders must align their personal values with the SAF core values, have a good understanding on individual competencies and style of leading, and must be self-aware and manage oneself accordingly. SAF leaders must similarly be able to influence his/her followers to understand the SAFs Mission and Purpose, declare the type of environment we are operating in and the desired outcomes or goal we must achieve.Thus far, majority of our tasks are peace meter operations. Its easier to lead and influence in peacetime, where there is minimal stress and lives are not directly at risk. It gives a leader more time to make decisions and think. Leadership is important in the SAF because we are a military organization, and someday, we expertness be activated to go to war. All of us, Leaders, will be irrelevant as of how to lead our soldiers on the battle field. In a war, what see ms to be the most important to most people out there is the equipment, queen and size of combat force. However, many neglect the most essential dig which is Leadership Leadership inspires a leaders commitment to lead and influence the soldiers by providing them with a clear direction and purpose towards their goals or objectives through determination and perseverance which are the main sources of victory.Before tending SF0002, my purpose as a military leader in the SAF is about helping soldiers to understand why they ought to serve the Nation. In turn, helping them to fully utilize the duration of their liability as an National servicing Freshmen (NSF). After attending SF0002, my purpose as a military leader in the SAF is to assume responsibility of my soldiers training, morale, discipline and fighting spirit. This involves maintaining/upgrading their skills and proficiency level therefore, develop a high state of operational readiness. My purpose is also to develop a good rel ationships with my soldiers and the team, so as to ensure that they are affiliated and determined to achieve a common goal be it complementary a task or securing mission objectives.1. For me, a meaningful insight from SF0002 is, Military Leadership is not equivalent to a Leader. 2. For me, a significant insight from SF0002 is, the differences between Cohesion and Team Building. 1. Lesson 1 entitled The perception and Practice of Military Leadership. 2. Lesson 7 entitled Science and Practice of leading Military Teams.Leadership means to lead, excel and overcome. Firstly, in order to lead effectively, I must gain the repect of my men. With that, can I exercise command and control, effectively and efficiently. Without leadership, a leader will lead with the power of the rank. men under me will follow orders unwillingly and blindly, instead of understanding the precept behind why orders are delivered so as to execute them more efficiently. My purpose as a military leader is to ens ure the well-being and safety of my men during peacetime training and ensure that I lead them by example. Military leadership matters in the SAF because there will always be men enlisting and recruited into the force, these people need a leader to guide them through their career or 2 years of their National Service liability. Without a leader with leadership qualities, men will not give the importance of serving the force, they do not have a goal or a clear vision. In general, as leaders, we should try our very best to align our mens values with the SAF core values. It is also my duty to ensure they have a meaningful and purposeful time with the SAF.