Personal Identity †Philosophy Essay

It is easy to see oneself as the same person we were ten, twenty, or fifty years ago. We can define identity through our material presence, life experiences, memories, and intellectual awareness of self. One can testify our campaignence as a person through our existence as a person. simply what makes us the same person? In this paper, I will argue for the simple view of the persistency of identity that it is impossible to determine what single involvement that makes us the same person over time. I will support my claim with the refutation of the main complex view claims of the body, brain and psychological persistency criterion.Entrenched in the simple view is the idea that ain identity, and the persistence of personal identity, cannot be measured through philosophical discourse or scientific investigation. There are a number of opposing arguments, known as complex theories of personal identity. In each of these arguments, the central claim is that either the body, the brain , or the psychological continuity of an individual determines how they persist as the same person (Garrett, 1998, p 52). To call them complex is a misnomer for each is far too minute to properly define and explain personal identity.Complex argument 1 Psychological continuity John Locke defines a person as a thinking, dexterous being, that has reason and reflection and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing, in different times and places (Locke, 1689, p 1-6). This statement suggests that, in order to persist as the same person, we must sacrifice a moral mind which persists through time. We can say that a person is psychologically continuous if they have a mental state that is descendent from their previous mental states.For example, this speculation states that a five-year-old will be the same person when they are a 25-year-old, because their mental state in later years is descendent from their earlier years. Counter argument By its very nature, the idea of psy chological continuity is flawed. It is not strange for an individuals mental state to be changed so drastically that they could not truly be considered the same person. Several examples have been made by Waller sufferers of cognitive impairments such as dementia, people who have gone through seekful or traumatic situations, and war eterans that are affected by post-traumatic stress disorder (Waller, 2011, p 198-210).In any of these cases, it would be difficult to argue that the individual has a continuous mental state more accurate would be to describe them as a snap or break that, effectively, creates a new person. The only conclusion is that these individuals do not persist, as their psychological states render radically different from their previous psychological states. Complex argument 2 Persistence of the body Another expression of the complex view is the body criterion. hurtle simply, a person is said to persist if they exist in the same physical body over time. In this case, the previously mentioned dementia or posttraumatic stress disorder sufferers would be considered the same people, as their physical body has continued. The theory suggests a brute physical relation between body and identity (Korfmacher, 2006). Without regard for mental state, an individual is considered to have a persistent personal identity as long as their body survives. Counter argument This theory lends itself easily to conception experiments, and they chop-chop expose some(prenominal) problems.If individual A receives an organ donation from individual B, can it be said that individual A has taken some of Bs identity? Surely not. It would be absurd to suggest that having the kidney or liver of another person would affect ones persistence as an individual. Similarly, if individual C had their body cloned, it would not make their clone the same person. There is much(prenominal) more to personal identity than can be defined by something so comparatively insignificant as t he physical body. Complex argument 3 Persistence of the brainThe brain is the functional center on of the human body the place where memories are stored, feelings are felt, and environmental signals are processed. It is unsurprising, therefore, that the brain is so often considered to be the home of personal identity. This theory is a staple of many science fiction texts as a convention, the cognizant brain in a jar or brain transplant recipient is fairly common. Proponents of this we are our brains theory claim that, so long as the brain persists, so does the person. Counter argumentThis theory seems to refer to consciousness preferably than the physicality of the brain, so it is important to make a clarification between the two. Julian Baggini suggests that we should view the kin between consciousness and identity similarly to the relationship between a musical score and the paper it is written on (Baggini, 2005, pp. 112-114). In other words, the brain is simply a storage sp ace for our memories, thoughts, and self-awareness. Should it not, therefore, be so that an individual could simply persist as a brain in a jar, provided they could be removeed in that state?If the entirety of personal identity is stored in the brain, there must be no need for the rest of the body beyond keeping the brain alive. Such a theory could not possibly be true life experiences and interactions with the world are such an intrinsic part of identity that we could not persist without them. The theory that consciousness plays a significant role in the persistence of personal identity is appealing, but it can not be said that the brain alone could sustain consciousness.ConclusionTo call the simple view of the persistence of personal identity simple is almost deceptive deep consideration on the subject quickly turns towards the complex. It is easy to grasp at the categories of body, brain, and mental state, but it would be wrong to say that the persistence of any of those equate s to the persistence of an individual. Personal identity is something so much harder to define, and it is harder still to find definitive measures of its continuation. Personal identity is evasive, and fleeting it is intangible, ever-changing. Its persistence is so much more than can be determined.

Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet – Film Comparison

There are many differences between the directors techniques used in both necessitates. The choice of location is evidently disparate. Baz Luhrmann in his 1997 mutation of the subscribe to presents Verona as a youthful city, dominated by bursts of chaotic urban violence. He uses panning shots across the metropolis with police cars and helicopters darting about, and human casualties strewn across the ground. This would be quite different to Shakespeares original setting in a rural Italian town. Verona beach is the cities name, and this is used thorough pathetic f aloneacy to create a blasphemouser feel to the postulate Mer have it awayios death cry A plague, on both your houses seem to take immediate effect as a storm is called in.In Zeffirellis 1968 scene, Verona is a adjacent representation to what Shakespeare might have had in mind in the late 1500s a small town, with only a few icons such(prenominal) as the perform and the marketplace, instead of a whole city as in Lu hrmanns lease.Baz Luhrmann uses wide, panning aerial shots of the city, with quick changes for illustration the introductory scene when flashes of newspaper headlines are transposed with musical composition from the chorus of the play. These camera shots create a sense of urgency and impending doom. He uses stills on the characters faces to emphasize emotions, and also on key features to highlight their immensity to the audience. For example the statue of Christ with his arms outstretched, the heads of both families & archive footage of the previous brawls.The camera shots in Franco Zeffirellis film differ though his more(prenominal)(prenominal) extensive use of adjacent up action shots such as the marketplace brawl between the Montagues and the Capulets. The diegetic sounds add realism, and so the audience feels like a participant in the action, earlier than an onlooker. Zeffirelli also places the camera in the centre of the ii families, to create a sense of equality an d balance emphasising the Both alike in dignity, quote from the chorus.The two directors have interpreted the mood differently, and this is shown in numerous ways clothing, accent and attitude are all contributing factors. In Luhrmans film the Montagues are all shown with Hawaiian shirts and army haircuts, but they turn out to be the weaker, more submissive family when faced with the prospect of fighting without their masters.The Capulets however are completely different. With dark leather jackets and sunglasses they radiate malice, this is also shown though the music, as normal noises are heightened and western type music slowly plays. The sunglasses could also be a disguise, hiding their eyes and their background roots as Latin people. Latinos were considered to be an inferior race in America, and so they are trying to overcompensate this by acting more aggressive and violent towards anyone who could be a threat.Zeffirelli uses bright and colourful costumes in his film for the Capulets they are more laid back, intimately like practical jokers with nothing to do. The atmosphere that they create lacks any kind of malice. It is al or so the same with the Montagues in this film, but they wear more neutral colours, such as dark blue, and black to suggest their scholarly upbringing.There is also the underlying subject of the fate that is controlling Romeo and Juliet For example just after Romeo kills Tybalt he shouts, I am fortunes fool As a character I think Romeo is just trying to blame his own misfortune on something else to be free of guilt.Dramatic irony also plays a key part in both films, whereby the audience kat once vital pieces of information that the characters do not. For example in Luhrmanns film when Mercutio is stabbed, he puts on a brave face to his friends but reveals his true pain only to the camera when he turns around. Also in Zeffirellis film, when Tybalt stabs Mercutio, only he and the audience can see the blood on his sword.Part 6I thi nk the audience response to each film would have been from an entirely different perspective. In Luhrmanns version both families are shown as if they had played an equal part in the death of Romeo & Juliet because of changes throughout the film for example in the opening scene, the Montagues start the fight by biting their thumbs at the Capulets, instead of the other way around. This film would be suited for a modern audience, as Luhrmann has omitted some of Shakespeares original language, making it accessible to a wider range of people.In the opening scene of the newer film, I think Luhrmann chose a modern city as the setting for the film, to present a hectic urban world familiar to a 20th centuary audience. The media coverage of the feud makes the plays events seem more realistic as they watch violent videos of the chaos on the streets of Verona. The updated and renamed Verona Beach is a clever mechanism by which peaceful and violent worlds collide.Franco Zeffirellis opening to t he film was much slower and spread out with a gentle beginning he introduces the film with the main chorus and then goes on to the marketplace scene the Capulets are the main cause of the trouble and the audience take an instant dislike to them. I think this is a terrible way to start the film as the audience usually judge the main characters within their first few scenes, and Capulets are always the troublemakers.I personally prefer Baz Luhrmanns modern version of the opening scene, as it is more direct and engaging towards a modern audience with better special effects such as the gas aim explosion it has enhanced sound effects and a wide choice of music. It appeals to me more that the Zeffirelli version, which even though is more accurate and faithful to the original script, it now comes across to me as outdated.Luhrmanns omissions from the original script are vital into understanding what kind of film he wanted to demonstrate for example he cut a lengthy dialogue between the Capulets Sampson and Gregory in favour of a more explosive and dramatic opening to the 3rd brawl in the petrol station.Many of the omissions are also to do with sexual hints or jokes, which would be perfectly ordinary in Shakespearean times, but a modern audience, would not understand or approve of them. Luhrmann also changed the timing of Juliets scene to after Mercutios death to show the change in attitude that Romeo has gone through, from being more faithful to his wife than his friends to the exact opposite.In the end I think each films outcome was decided by what kind of film the directors wanted to show to the audience With Baz Luhrmann going for a modern love story / action film, and Franco Zeffirelli opting for a more traditional retelling of the classic play. This influenced how the characters would be portrayed, the location of the films, the scenery and most importantly, the language in their retelling of Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet.

Codes and Convention

Codes and conventions In the short humbug whats a female genital organ Mom, Kathleen Rockwell uses several convincing techniques to carry out(a) the channelise question on civility. One accurate is metaphors, in the short explanation the author Kathleen Rockwell describes the scene in the myth were they see a homeless women out the bus window. She stopped at a wasteb commandet and retrieved a large discarded sketch book. She flipped by means of it until she found a blank page. Standing on the corner of sixth and 14th, she reached into one of her bags and found a marker.She make on a deft stroke, and then an other(a), on the page another artist left over(p) her. My bus moved on. This can be carried out as a metaphor for baseball club and how we meet unless treat homelessness people. Nevertheless we dont acknowledge it, as a result of ignorance. We ar use to pressing on as well as assume we never saw them or they didnt exist. Hence moving on with our uncivil behavior. Kathl een Rockwell sees a person that has some issue with I them. A able women however she is homeless so society will ignore her and continue on with there perfunctory lives.Another technique is she uses first person to relate with the short story. She asks questions moreover show that their scargond, a feeling that umpteen people have. They had to do it, anyone would have done it, exclusively did they cry while they were doing it? The moving picture test press out driveway family by Glenn H. Austin analyze the argument of homelessness and how society looks down on, preferentially ignores the reality of reenforcement on the streets. These pictures show how everyone has approximately the same feelings therefore society doesnt show the same type to the homeless.The couple in the photo their attitude shows carelessness as is seen no eye-contact with each other, and perhaps the impulse to avoid any connection to homelessness. Another example is the first picture a homeless valet holds a sign reading, Talk to me, how the homeless, like anybody else, need some interaction, outside of their, State Street Family. The statute title is a technique putting all the images together display the fact those living on the street are connected together as a family. 1st paragraph The short story whats a bum mom by Kathleen Rockwell and the photo essay State Street Family by Glenn H.Austin firmness of purpose the guiding question, who is liable for civility? The text I have chosen to better answer the guiding question is what a bum mom. In this short story it shows you a better understanding of the vertices, moreover what can happen. The short story whats a bum mom Deals with the damage of ignorance in society towards the homelessness and civility. Later we ask ourselves the question do we really know how to be civil to more than upright our family, friends and people who are not homeless.We are fortunate and dont know how to act when we are put into a situation lik e this. At the begging of the short story the homeless women ask for a quarter, nevertheless the women mad up an excuse like (. Put one in virtually ballet and getting her hopes up). It showed she was nervous and didnt know how to act in this given situation. She gave the homeless women excuses qualification her feel like shes not worth paying any attention to. The author is difficult to show according to society, she is below everyone else. Society is also enduring incivility towards younger human.Like Isabelle she is 5 historic period old and she has already taken into a count how to label society especially homeless people, do drugs addicts, bum, alcoholics, ECT. The author is saying we dont moreover see the vertices we do our best to ignore them. This story is trying to show us that the incivility of ignoring homelessness is recurring again and again. Its not going to stop we rock to keep on pretending their not their and move on with our lives. The only(prenominal) time they catch everyones attention is when violence occurs. The author says (the arm scene).The purpose of the photo essay is to show the fact that everyone wants someone to talk to, socially interact with, Moreover deserve the same civility as others that can be shown with social interaction. Like with the first text a homeless man wrote talk to me. The photo essay brings up the question on whos responsible for civility. The author is showing the emotions within them, also showing how we just ignore it and move on. We dont think of them as homeless or level off consider them as, we call the bums. We ignore them and thats not an excuse for incivility 2nd -Last paragraphAdmitting both texts corporation with the guiding question the short story gave a better understanding of the guiding question. The author made it easy to describe and point moreover her struggle with her own responsibility with civility in terms of the homeless. Therefore its easier for us to connect to as present day society does the same thing as the picture essay and the short story. The movie bum fights this movie is about fighting and attempting critic stunts in exchange for money, alcohol, and other incentives. In this movie men are hurting each other and people for money.Like in the, short story whats a bum mom. When the woman was attacked by a man saying he mugged her 5 bucks (add the scene). Its also similar to the drawing homeless people be harassed by police officers moreover families on the street. Like in the photo essay it shows families attempt on the street or when the police officers harassed a homeless man for sleeping in the park. It all comes down to society thinks their superior than homeless people, like they dont matter and they shouldnt. The only thing the matters in society and to the government is the amount of money you have. Last paragraphThe author Kathleen Rockwell, the short story whats a bum mom shows a better understanding on the guiding question. Who is respon sible for civility? By giving us a text we can easily find a connection to moreover answer and think about the question she asked in the text. Aside from reading this story we start questioning our own civility therefore start asking are we civil to only the ones we love and know wont hurt us. Or just the one we think we could trust. Although the photo essay comes to a conclusion on whos responsible for civility, it catches our attention to the problem of civility but not as well as the short story did.

Advertising Causes And Effects Essay

Advertisement industries require affected the human for decades up until these days. We earth-closet see those flashy, catchy and colorful advertisements everywhere especially through mass media. United States was describe as the largest and creative publicize market in the world. Some people thought that advertising does not affect much on their lifestyles and some would just making assumptions that advertisements after part cause negative do to consumers especially when it is related to the products fiber. However, we cannot be too judgmental on advertising industries because they have their own benefits. It is very important to take note that advertising does have its own positive ramp to rudes economy, companies and withal society. Firstly, advertising can bring benefits to the economy. This is because, advertising fork over more jobs compare to the others. They offers diversity of careers option want writers, authors, artist, editors and others.According to the Wor ld Advertising Federation (WFA), US advertising generate 18.2 million out of the 126.7 million jobs in that country (2008). Besides that, advertising give way a enormous share on the countrys economy. Every advertisement that has been divulged, need to pay certain amounts of tax income in order for them to publicize the advertisement to the public. According to the Wall Street Journal, Hungary adopt tax as high as 40% on annual advertising (Feher, 2014). Next, the price of the product go forth in like manner be reduced through advertising. Most of the companies nowadays are more focusing on the quality of their products instead of gaining bring in. One of the strategies that advertisement industries applied in their public relation are by service of process the customers to understand more about the products and the company (McNamara, n.d ). Hence, the economy of the country can really be boosts up through advertising.In addition, the society are similarly affected with the benefits of advertisements. Through advertisements, people can be aware about commercial products and calamities that happened in the world these days. For example, the advertisements that shared on health drinks and toiletry products can generate awareness about health and hygiene to public (Kannan, 2013). Besides, some companies that produce cosmetic products will promote their products by comparing their product and advertise them through mass media.Consumers would have varieties of options to choose by reading or watching those advertisements since 84 percent of mobile users in Malaysia tend to click on mobile advertisements in order for them to find new products and information (Siti Shameen, 2014). Moreover, people can also announce their feeling through advertising.This has seems to be happening in the United States where they allow people to show on their supports regarding the sensitive issues like politics, religion and races. For example, in New York and San Francisco, t hey have the advertisement that shows Muslims are savages. (Badger, 2012). Besides, advertisements can also be used to inform public about social events and performances that are going to be held in the future. For instance, the Ad Council, a non- profit organization in the United States had sponsored many public service announcements like their famous Loose Lips Sink Ships where they run to promote national security during World War II (Morley, 2015). Therefore, advertising brings benefits not only for the consumers but also the society.Next, advertising has made a huge refer on companies. The companies can now create maximal profits through advertising. By having their advertisement aerate frequently through pamphlets, mass media and others, they would attract more customers in buying their products. When they are attracted in tone at the advertisements, they would be intimidated in buying the products thus causing the rise of the companys profit. When the advertisements are be ing aired through the internet, they would reduce more on their capitals thus, maximizing on their profit (Wright,2015)Besides, advertising also encourage the companies to compete and provide new products. When each of the company produce different types of new products with more improved qualities, the other companies would feel challenged thus producing a better quality of the products. By advertising, it can also improve the companys public image among the consumer. This is because when a company produce advertisements through mass media, the consumer would assume that the product is quality-proven. It all depends on the companys decision in conveying the message whether in a good way or the opposite (Thompson, 2014). Thus, advertising contribute to the advantages of the companies.In a nutshell, advertising brings advantages not only for the economy but also to the companies and the consumers. This is because, advertising can bring maximal profits to the company by generating mo re customers in buying their products. Besides that, the consumers would also have the power to decide which product suits them well through the exposure that they get through advertisements. Next, the countrys economy can also be generate by providing more jobs in the advertisements industries. Therefore, advertisements brings benefits to the worlds economy.1. Siti Shameen, M.K. (2014).Malaysians love clicking on mobile ads. New Straits Times. p 5.2. Feher, M. (2011). Hungary adopts tax on advertising revenue. The Wall Street JournalRetrieved fromhttp//www.wsj.com/articles/hungaryadoptstaxonadvertisingrevenue1402511876

Resourcing and talent planning assessment Essay

This assignment will be analyse what constitutes best practice in enlisting and plectron, and explain what strategies should be ingestiond to ensure the best figureant and most effective employees atomic number 18 selected. In particular this essay will focus on The use of project descriptions, personal specifications and competence frameworks. Analysing the main recruitment and selection rules.Explaining the main command that impacts on recruitment and selection. Describing how contracts of traffic ar established.At its core, recruitment and selection is about attracting and employing the most qualified and cap satisfactory single that will add value to the organisation. Marchington and Wilkinson (2008, 223) explain the importance of recruitment, Staffing and resourcing, and in particular recruitment and selection, is a sm either feature of HRM in all told organisations, irrespective of their size, structure or sector.Once an organisation has identified that a va open firecy has arisen, it is best practice is to complete job analysis to identify the key duties and responsibilities of the intention. This is used to relieve oneself an up to meet job description and personal specification for the new job role. It is important that these documents argon reviewed, as the existing versions whitethorn not take key duties and skills that the role as evolved to demand. In somewhat(a) cases the job description and personal specification will not postulate been reviewed since the previous employee was appointed. Well indite job descriptions should identify the duties and responsibilities scenes should expect to undertake if successful.They should also include a job title, location of broadcast and reporting structure. Personal specifications should identify the key attri stilles required, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as qualifications, experience and attitude. They also often include any entreeal requirements such as a driving licence / requireme nt to travel and so on These attributes argon often split into essential and desirable areas. Once these have beenfinalised they drop then be used to advertise and recruit a new employee, either by advertising directly (company intranet / website, local press etc) or used to give an employment agency / recruitment consultant a background from which to work. These documents may also inform questions asked at interview.Leatherbarrow and Fletcher (2014, 76) discuss the varied use of job descriptions, In addition to their use in recruitment, job descriptions have a key role in other activities, such as identifying training necessitate, and introducing or reviewing a job evaluation scheme and other systems of payment.However, not all HR experts agree on the usefulness of job descriptions, as demonstrated by Marchington and Wilkinson (2008, 236), Despite world widely used, job descriptions have been heavily criticised for being outmoded and increasingly irrelevant to modern conditio ns, characteristic of what is sop upn as a collectivist, inflexible and more than rules-orientated culture. If an organisation chooses not to use a personal profile, they may instead use a competency framework.These often have a greater ferocity on the skills an individual has, such as communication skills, people management, customer service, problem solving etc, rather than the previous experience or qualifications. Leatherbarrow and Fletcher (2014, 179) explain competency frameworks, Similar to personal specifications, competency frameworks outline a list of characteristics which are required by the extend holder. These may be organisation-wide competencies or specific to the job such as attention to detail or numeracy perhaps for an accountant.When recruiting for a vacancy in that location are various methods that can be used, depending on if the vacancy is to be advertised internally (to existing employees) or externally (to the general public). Sourcing candidates inter nally can ensure talented employees stay within the organisation provided it often does not negate the need to recruit externally, as another vacancy will incessantly arise in the department the successful candidate originated from. Internal recruitment can be do relatively cheaply and quickly the vacancy can be advertised through staff carte du jour boards, company intranet or company-wide emails. If internal recruitment is not an option /has been unsuccessful, companies will the need to advertise to a wider audience. An employer will need to decide which method of recruitment is most suitable for the role and organisation. Common recruitment methods include advertising on the companys own corporate website, using internet establish jobsites, recruitment agencies, local or content press, job centre plus or employee referral schemes. The CIPD resourcing and talent training survey (2013) lists the top 5 methods of recruitment as,1) Own corporate website 62%2) Recruitment agenc ies 49%3) commercialised job boards 38%4) Employee referral schemes 33%5) Professional ne 2rking (such as linkedin) 31%The method used will depend on a number of factors, as Armstrong (2012, 22) discusses, The criteria to use when making a choice are 1) the likeliness that it will produce good candidates 2) the speed with which the choice enables recruitment to be completed 3) the costs implicated, billing in mind that there may be direct advertising costs or consultants fees. different factors that need to be taken into consideration include the job role / target audience, location of post and success of previous methods, for example, if the vacancy is for a highly experienced and qualified professional, the labour market is possible to be much tighter that if the vacancy is for an entry level administrator. Therefore it crystalises sense to advertise to a national market to generate a higher number of suitable applications. Upon placing the job advertisement, an employer als o needs to decide on the initial selection method that will be used to enable them to create a shortlist. This could include requesting a CV and / or cover letter, application forms, online applications or email or shout out enquiries.Once the recruitment process has been completed and the applications have been received, shortlisting and selection can then begin. Applications should be shortlisted check to the same criteria, which should berelevant and non-discriminatory. Personal specifications can also be used at this stage, and applications assessed to see if they meet the essential and desirable criteria set forth. Applications can then be sorted into three areas, as described by Armstrong (2012, 227), Fol scummying the analysis, applicants can be sorted initially into three categories possible, marginal and unsuitable When there is a large field of applicants with many possibles sifting may have to be repeated against more stringent criteria until a shortlist for interview is identified. Once a shortlist has been agreed, best practice is to propose the unsuccessful applicants by letter or email, as agreed by Leatherbarrow & Fletcher (2014, 192), A courteously worded letter or email should then be sent to the rejected applicantsAt this stage the employer also needs to decide which further methods of selection they will use on the remaining applicants. The most common method of selection is known as the classic trio, of application form, interview and references. However, although the most common, this does not make it the most effective this method is often highly criticised by experts. Other selection methods include assemblage interviews, assessment centres, competency tests, work trials, psychometric testing and work samples.The most effective selection processes involve more than one method of selection, such as a structured interview alongside a work sample test. Marchington and Wilkinson (2008, 250) citing data from Robertson and Smith (2001) d iscuss selection techniques, most techniques have very low levels of accuracy in terms of producing effecting selection decisions. Of techniques used on their own, work sampling offers the highest likelihood of success, close adhereed by intelligence tests and structured interviewing.During the recruitment and selection process, organisations must be mindful that they are complying with all laws that impact the process. One of the major laws that effects the recruitment and selection of staff is the equation Act 2010. This legislation simplifies and strengthens previously existing legislation. The Equality Act 2010 legally protects people from discrimination in the work power and in wider society. It replaced previous anti-discrimination laws with a single Act, making the law easier to understand and strengthening protection in some situations. It sets out the different ways in which its unlawful to treat someone. GovernmentEqualities Office (2013).The Equality Act 2010 covers 9 pr otected characteristics, as follows AgeSexReligion / BeliefsDisabilityMaternity / compositionRaceGender reassignment / TransgenderSexual orientationMarital statusThese characteristics are protected against the 6 types of discrimination, which are direct, indirect, discrimination by association, victimisation, harassment and perceptive discrimination.Other legislation that impacts the recruitment process include the works Time Regulations 1998, National Minimum Wage, the Data Protection Act 2007 and the Asylum and Immigration Act 2004. In addition to civil action, should an employer found to be in breach of the Asylum and Immigration act they can face criminal action, with penalties including large fines and possible prison sentences. Therefore it is vital that all candidates / employees are able to provide proof of their right to work in the UK.Upon completion of the recruitment and selection process, and the successful candidate has accepted, a contract of employment has been esta blished. ACAS (2014) describes contracts of employment, A contract of employment is an agreement between an employer and employee and is the basis of the employment relationship.A contract of employment sets out the rights and duties of the employee, and does not necessarily need to be in writing, although it is best practice to be in writing, signed and dated. The contract of employment provides protection for both employer and employee, and provides lucidity to the working relationship. The contract of employment is considered to havecommenced from the date the employee has verbally accepted the role. If the employee declines to sign the pen contract, but starts / continues to work, legally it is considered that the employee has accepted the terms and conditions set out in the contract of employment.The contract of employment differs to the written avowal of particulars as the contract of employment is more expansive, and generally encompasses the information required within th e statement of particulars. It is a legal requirement that most employees receive a written statement of particulars within two months of commencing employment. Contracts of employment generally include the following information. Identity of parties, i.e. employer / employeeEmployment start dateSalary / hourly rate, and the intervals at which the employee will be paidHours of work and any terms and conditions related to thisHoliday valuation account and paySickness allowance and terms and conditionsJob titleTerms and conditions relating to pensionsInformation on contracting-out find oneself periodEmployment type, i.e. temporary, fixed term, part time etc.If fixed term, the expected end date of contract. Location of work, and any expectancy for travelGrievance procedureAny collective agreements in placeLength of probationary periodAny other terms and conditions that are applicable to the employee and job roleOften disciplinary procedures in in employment contracts, however it is bes t to omit this information and have it as a separate policy. If an employer chooses to include the disciplinary procedures within the contract but does not follow them, the employer can then be sued for breach of contract.Employees and employers are also expected to adhere to the implied terms of contract. These are not written down but should naturally happen, such as the employer providing a safe workplace and paying the employee promptly etc. Lewis and Sargeant (2013) explain the use of implied terms in the event of a disagreement, The fellowship wishing to rely on an implied term must satisfy a court either that such a term was so obvious that the parties did not think it necessary to state it expressly (the wide awake bystander test) or that such a term was necessary to give business efficacy to the relationship.The recruitment and selection process can be considered one of the most important aspects of a HR professionals job. Recruitment can be costly, and staffing costs ar e one of an organisations biggest expenditure. An effective and thorough recruitment and selection process should hold the impact on the organisation and ensure a high calibre of candidates and employees. Following all applicable laws, and setting out a clear and concise contract of employment provides protection for both parties, and provides the grounding for a harmonious working relationship, in which booth employer and employee are aware of their rights, duties and obligations.BibliographyM. Marchington & A. Wilkinson, 2008, Human Resource forethought at Work 4th Edition, London, CIPDM. Armstrong, 2012, Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice twelfth Edition, London, Kogan PageC. Leatherbarrow & J. Fletcher, 2014, Introduction to Human Resource Management, guide to HR in practice, 3rd edition, London, CIPDGovernment Equalities Office, updated February 2013, accessed 04/12/2014, https//www.gov.uk/equality-act-2010-guidanceCIPD, 02/12/2014,http//www.cipd.co.uk /hr-resources/survey-reports/resourcing-talent-planning-2013.aspx ACAS, 06/12/2014, http//www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1577 D. Lewis & M. Sargeant, 2013, Employment Law the essentials, 12th Edition, London, CIPD

Western Union Seeks East and Central African Market

WESTERN UNION SHIFTING FOCUS TO TRANSACTIONS WITHIN AFRICA. INTRODUCTION This article at a lower brand review is taken from the outlook section of The EastAfrican newspaper as for the dates between 19th to the 25th family 2011. It is a Q&A article with western sandwich due norths present regional director southerly and East Africa, K arn Jordaan. It was chosen in line with other online articles published two weeks prior that informed of the cast valuate in strategy being adopted by the global bills channelize company in terms of their operations inwardly the African continent. ARTICLE OVERVIEWWith the ever growing number of immigrants standing at around 250 zillion globally with 30 million of these being from Africa and come apart still 19 million of them being migrations inwardly Africa and with the ever growing number bulk moving inside the East African region for leisure, trade or seeking job opportunities, it was clear that the potential number of legal proceeding within the region was increasing and Western Union identifying this decides to apply their tradeing mix in terms of place or location by changing their strategy by focusing on the East African region and the African continent as a whole.To cement their operation in the region, occidental confederacy has taken to invest to train to a greater extent agents to work a wider population and enhance service speech in the region. With over 23,000 locations in 50 African countries and only 3,600 of this being in the East African region, western junction is facing a challenging motor and brick situation where they have been unable to reach the 39 million Kenyans with to the highest degree adopting informal ways of funds transfer coupled with low penetration of fluid transfer in rural areas.The 700 locations in Kenya coupled with differing data as provided by the local anaesthetic government and international bodies has left western union without right-hand(a) information of where t o invest and that is why they are taking charge and repositioning themselves to grow in the regional commercialize. Besides investing in their people to reach a wider population, they are also running promotions geared to stimulate local money transfer through their formal channels. Some of this are such(prenominal) as changes in pricing as seen in the charges if $1. for transactions between Kenya and Uganda aimed primarily at the foreign students l exonerateing there across the other eastbound African region. Articles implication on the economy and general business environment. The move by western unions displays a lot of marketing characteristics that are bound to affect the economy positively. Western unions newly defined market or constituency of potential customers who are willing and able to engage in exchange will call for economic development up in terms of the pace of doing business due to western union agents onwardering more places to entrance fee their services.This can bring about more investment in the region with the three countries recording a strong balance of trade and balance of payment statements. The economy stands to eudaemonia from the fact that a lot of unrecorded transactions or black market economy transactions are avoided realizing a situation where the government is able to raise more money through proper taxation of all transacted amounts. The expansion of western unions outreach will prove to provide and facilitates inter? ersonal transactions, it could improve the parceling of savings across households and businesses by deepening the person? to? person credit market. This could increase the average chip in to capital, thereby producing a feed? back to the level of saving and by making transfers across braggart(a) distances trivially cheap, western union could improves the investment in, and tryst of, human capital as well as physical investment. Households may be more likely to send members to high? aying jobs in dista nt locations (e. g. , the capital), either on a permanent or temporary basis, and to invest in skills that are likely to earn a return in such places but not necessarily at home. Electronic cash transfer as offered could bring a situation that affect the ability of individuals to share take chances. Informal risk? sharing networks have been found to be an important, although not fully effective, means by which individuals spread risk, making state? ontingent transfers among group members. By expanding the geographic reach of these networks, western union may allow more efficient risk sharing, although the risk? reducing benefits might be mitigated due to issues of observability and moral gage when parties are separated by largedistances. Risk? related effect arises if western union facilitates well-timed transferof small amounts of money. Instead of cargo decking for conditions to worsen to evels that cause dogged term damage, western unions money transfermightenable support networks to keep negative shocks manageable. For example a household level with access to money transfer who suffers a mild health shock might receive a small amount of money via any western union agent that allows him to keep his children in school. If this money was delayed, or the sender waited until the recipient really needed it, the children might have quit school, the effects of which may be hard to reverse.Money received through such electronic channels as western union might and could most likely conceivably alter bargaining power and ruin incentives within households or other networks. Economically weaker family members might expect larger and more regular remittances from better? off city? dwelling relatives, who themselves might find it hard to justify not sending money home. This could weaken incentives for rural household members to work or innovate, offsetting some of the efficiency? nhancing benefits of improved geographic labor allocation and risk sharing. Money received by certain households could have the effect of empowering members who have traditionally had little bargaining power, in particular women. Especially among poorer segments of the population, remittances and transfers received (and sent) via western union are less visual than those transmitted by other means, such as Delivery by a friend or relative. Granted this information expediency, recipients could be in a position to keep more of the funds they receive. induction suggesting the spending patterns of women and men differ then implies that the advent of western union along other electronic fund transfers could have real effects onthe allocation of household Spending. Articles implication on the market competitiveness. The article address the strong link between marketing and strategy whereby in the marketing strategical mapping of western union, after defining their marketing objectives they carried out a SWOT analysis of their on-going structure realizing that the potential of the growing east African market is only hindered by the lack of agents within the region.It is this that led them to the need to build competitive marketing strategies that involves segmenting, targeting and positioning themselves closer to their target market. Western union strategy has been seen to change its marketing mix within the region interms of price, place, promotion and its people (agents) though retaining most of its product offering and process.The case analysis its presence in the east African region and business position across its countries of operation though not highlighting much of its distinct competences and competitive advantage with its rival companies such as money gram and the new threat that has been brought about by mobile money transfer systems such as m-pesa and tangaza that have a close to 49% penetration rate due to the high adoption of mobile phones across the region over the last nine years.Western unions improved agent presence is a thr eat for moneygram which is still operating locally through banking and financial institutions as agents and with increased presence has the distinct advantage of eating into the market share of moneygram due to better presence that is key in such a service driven industry. Presence means access to more people within more regional blocks meaning more transactional volumes for the organization. In terms of whether or not it will be able to able to make a dent on a hold a share of the mobile money transfer market is a question of wait and see.This is due to the fact that the regions for penetration have not being clearly addressed to weigh such factors as to the access of mobile phones and subsequent mobile money transfer penetration, though western union distinct advantage over the regions mobile transfer market is that it can transact across roomer within the east African and central African region unlike m-pesa and the like which have had long standing operational battles on their limitations with central bank and other formal banking institutions, though all in all westerns union change of strategy to better serve the region will bring along with it changes in marketing tactics for established and potential new operators in the money transfer industry.

Quality Culture and Customer Retention at Disney World

The Disney WorldDisney World, or Walt Disney World Resort, is a recreational resort that has theme parks, golf courses, water parks, resort hotels and shopping atomic number 18as. It is owned by the Walt Disney keep come with and is considered as the largest recreational resort in the world.Disney CultureThe assimilation espo utilise by the Disney World is proportional to the globularization of American culture. Just like the worldwide spread of American culture and ideas, Disney culture has received a global acceptance. Disney World is presented to the human race with charm, which makes great deal of all ages, of assorted races, and different gender preferences fascinated with anything (that is associated with) Disney.The Disney culture is appealing. This is what makes Disney World rise to the top. Having focused on providing quality entertainment to the people, Disney is able to produce products and go that be cherished by its customers. Marty Sklar, Vice Chairman and Prin cipal Creative Executive of Walt Disney Imagineering, enumerated 5 things that makes him proud of Disney. These five things, which mirror the sort of culture that Disney espouses, are high-quality products, optimism for the future, great storytelling, an emphasis on family entertainment and great talent, furore and dedication from our Cast Members (Sklar, 2007).Products of Disney are of high quality because the company is dedicated to a tradition of innovation. With this, the companys products and services are seen as original, creative and ground-breaking. Furthermore, each product of Disney has its own story to tell, and with both story being told, there is always a positive substance for the customers. This makes Disney culture both socialize and respected by its customers. It does not sacrifice the talent of its cast members, the storyline, and storys positive message for mere entertainment.GuestologyGuestology is a term coined by Bruce Laval, a Senior Manager at Walt Disne y. The term is used to signify the companys aim of focusing on guest behavior.Using the idea of guestology, Disney employs a different kind of management. The company does not follow the traditional management style, which focuses on establishmental development and managerial hierarchy. Instead, the company focuses on the guests or the customers. With such method, the company uses not the companys or organizations perspective, in determining the quality of the products. What is being used is the customers perspective. Customer inhabit is then given a paramount importance.Because the perspective used is that of the customers, Disney World is able to determine what customers motive and want. With the use of surveys, Disney is able to determine that customers need a clean theme park and Disney World provides them with that. Efforts are also made to extend theme park hours and expand fireworks displays in order to satisfy the customers.Customer retentivity through Quality CultureTho ugh the focus is on customers, it should not be mistaken that Disney puts customer satisfaction as its core. Customer satisfaction is important, but customer retention is even a more important thing.Often times, people take customer satisfaction and customer retention as synonymous. However, they are not. Customer retention ineluctably implies customer satisfaction, but customer satisfaction does not always mean customer retention. Disney is one among genuinely few companies that recognize this fact. Disney is not interested merely with making its customers satisfied. It aims at giving its customers quality products and services because it is more concerned with the loyalty of its customers to whatever it offers.As aforementioned, Disney is not concerned merely with marketing its products and services. It is not concerned merely with providing entertainment or mere satisfaction. It puts emphasis on the talents of its casts, the message that its products brings and with innovative ideas because it puts customer retention at its core. And Disney World successfully does this by its ability to produce an appealing culture.ReferenceBaker, R. (2007 May). Earning My Mouse Ears, variance II The Disney Approach to Customer Loyalty WWW document. universal resource locator http//verasage.com. 27 July 2007.Sklar, M. (2007, July) WWW document. URL http//corporate.disney.go.com/careers/culture.html. 27 July 2007.The HSM Group. (2005). Holding Onto Your Customers WWW document. URL http//www.hsmgroup.com/ebriefing/ebriefing08.asp. 27 July 2007.